Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rūskos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

    Possibly from earlier *rukskos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, to stir”)[1]. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to grub, weed”), Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig, grub”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”). Related to Irish rúam (“spade, shovel”).

    Noun

    *rūskos m

    1. bark
    2. beehive

    Declension

    Masculine o-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *ruskos *ruskou *ruskoi
    vocative *ruske *ruskou *ruskoi
    accusative *ruskom *ruskou *ruskons
    genitive *ruskī *ruskous *ruskom
    dative *ruskūi *ruskobom *ruskobos
    locative *ruskei *? *?
    instrumental *ruskū *ruskobim *ruskūis

    Descendants

    • Proto-Brythonic: *rrisk
      • Middle Breton: rusquenn
        • Breton: rusk (“bark”), ruskenn (“beehive”)
      • Old Cornish: rusc
      • Middle Welsh: risgl
    • Old Irish: rúsc
    • Gaulish: rusca
      • → Medieval Latin: rusca (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*rūsk(l)o- *rusko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
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