|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie in a resting position”).
Verb
*legeti[1]
- to lie (to be in resting position)
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*legū
|
*legemam
|
*lilxsū
|
*lāga
|
| 2nd singular
|
*legesi
|
*legetās
|
*lilxsesi
|
*lāgas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*legeti
|
*legeto
|
*lilxseti
|
*lāge
|
| 1st plural
|
*legomosi
|
*legemo
|
*lilxsomosi
|
*lāgmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*legetesi
|
*legestē
|
*lilxsetesi
|
*lāxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*legonti
|
*legento
|
*lilxsonti
|
*lāgars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*lexsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lexsesi
|
?
|
*lege
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lexseti
|
?
|
*legetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*lexsomosi
|
?
|
*legomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lexsetesi
|
?
|
*legete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lexsonti
|
?
|
*legontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*legūr
|
—
|
*lilxsūr
|
*lāgra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*legetar
|
—
|
*lilxsetar
|
*lāgras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*legetor
|
?
|
*lilxsetor
|
*lāgre
|
| 1st plural
|
*legommor
|
—
|
*lilxsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*legedwe
|
—
|
*lilxsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*legontor
|
?
|
*lilxsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*lexsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lexsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lexsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*lexsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lexsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lexsontor
|
—
|
—
|
Declension of the present participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legonts
|
*legonte
|
*legontes
|
| vocative
|
*legonts
|
*legonte
|
*legontes
|
| accusative
|
*legontam
|
*legonte
|
*legontans
|
| genitive
|
*legantos
|
*?
|
*legantom
|
| dative
|
*legantei
|
*legantbom
|
*legantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*legantī?
|
*legantbim
|
*legantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legantī
|
*legantī
|
*legantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*legantī
|
*legantī
|
*legantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*legantīm
|
*legantī
|
*legantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*legantyās
|
*?
|
*legantyom
|
| dative
|
*legantyāi
|
*legantyābom
|
*legantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*legantyābim
|
*legantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legont
|
*?
|
*legonta
|
| vocative
|
*legont
|
*?
|
*legonta
|
| accusative
|
*legont
|
*?
|
*legonta
|
| genitive
|
*legantos
|
*?
|
*legantom
|
| dative
|
*legantei
|
*?
|
*legantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*legantī?
|
*?
|
*legantbis
|
Declension of the middle participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legomnos
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*legomne
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*legomnom
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnons
|
| genitive
|
*legomnī
|
*legomnous
|
*legomnom
|
| dative
|
*legomnūi
|
*legomnobom
|
*legomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*legomnū
|
*legomnobim
|
*legomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legomnā
|
*legomnai
|
*legomnās
|
| vocative
|
*legomnā
|
*legomnai
|
*legomnās
|
| accusative
|
*legomnam
|
*legomnai
|
*legomnans
|
| genitive
|
*legomnās
|
*legomnous
|
*legomnom
|
| dative
|
*legomnai
|
*legomnābom
|
*legomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*legomnābim
|
*legomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legomnom
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnā
|
| vocative
|
*legomnom
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnā
|
| accusative
|
*legomnom
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnā
|
| genitive
|
*legomnī
|
*legomnous
|
*legomnom
|
| dative
|
*legomnūi
|
*legomnobom
|
*legomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*legomnū
|
*legomnobim
|
*legomnobis
|
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to leak”). This verb was reshaped into a weak ā-verb in Goidelic, but not in Brythonic.
Verb
*legeti
- to melt, dissolve
Conjugation
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*legū
|
*legemam
|
*lilxsū
|
*lāga
|
| 2nd singular
|
*legesi
|
*legetās
|
*lilxsesi
|
*lāgas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*legeti
|
*legeto
|
*lilxseti
|
*lāge
|
| 1st plural
|
*legomosi
|
*legemo
|
*lilxsomosi
|
*lāgmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*legetesi
|
*legestē
|
*lilxsetesi
|
*lāxte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*legonti
|
*legento
|
*lilxsonti
|
*lāgars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*lexsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lexsesi
|
?
|
*lege
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lexseti
|
?
|
*legetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*lexsomosi
|
?
|
*legomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lexsetesi
|
?
|
*legete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lexsonti
|
?
|
*legontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*legūr
|
—
|
*lilxsūr
|
*lāgra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*legetar
|
—
|
*lilxsetar
|
*lāgras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*legetor
|
?
|
*lilxsetor
|
*lāgre
|
| 1st plural
|
*legommor
|
—
|
*lilxsommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*legedwe
|
—
|
*lilxsedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*legontor
|
?
|
*lilxsontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*lexsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lexsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lexsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*lexsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lexsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lexsontor
|
—
|
—
|
Declension of the present participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legonts
|
*legonte
|
*legontes
|
| vocative
|
*legonts
|
*legonte
|
*legontes
|
| accusative
|
*legontam
|
*legonte
|
*legontans
|
| genitive
|
*legantos
|
*?
|
*legantom
|
| dative
|
*legantei
|
*legantbom
|
*legantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*legantī?
|
*legantbim
|
*legantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legantī
|
*legantī
|
*legantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*legantī
|
*legantī
|
*legantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*legantīm
|
*legantī
|
*legantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*legantyās
|
*?
|
*legantyom
|
| dative
|
*legantyāi
|
*legantyābom
|
*legantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*legantyābim
|
*legantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legont
|
*?
|
*legonta
|
| vocative
|
*legont
|
*?
|
*legonta
|
| accusative
|
*legont
|
*?
|
*legonta
|
| genitive
|
*legantos
|
*?
|
*legantom
|
| dative
|
*legantei
|
*?
|
*legantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*legantī?
|
*?
|
*legantbis
|
Declension of the middle participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legomnos
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*legomne
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*legomnom
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnons
|
| genitive
|
*legomnī
|
*legomnous
|
*legomnom
|
| dative
|
*legomnūi
|
*legomnobom
|
*legomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*legomnū
|
*legomnobim
|
*legomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legomnā
|
*legomnai
|
*legomnās
|
| vocative
|
*legomnā
|
*legomnai
|
*legomnās
|
| accusative
|
*legomnam
|
*legomnai
|
*legomnans
|
| genitive
|
*legomnās
|
*legomnous
|
*legomnom
|
| dative
|
*legomnai
|
*legomnābom
|
*legomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*legomnābim
|
*legomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*legomnom
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnā
|
| vocative
|
*legomnom
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnā
|
| accusative
|
*legomnom
|
*legomnou
|
*legomnā
|
| genitive
|
*legomnī
|
*legomnous
|
*legomnom
|
| dative
|
*legomnūi
|
*legomnobom
|
*legomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*legomnū
|
*legomnobim
|
*legomnobis
|
Declension of the past participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lextos
|
*lextou
|
*lextoi
|
| vocative
|
*lexte
|
*lextou
|
*lextoi
|
| accusative
|
*lextom
|
*lextou
|
*lextons
|
| genitive
|
*lextī
|
*lextous
|
*lextom
|
| dative
|
*lextūi
|
*lextobom
|
*lextobos
|
| instrumental
|
*lextū
|
*lextobim
|
*lextobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lextā
|
*lextai
|
*lextās
|
| vocative
|
*lextā
|
*lextai
|
*lextās
|
| accusative
|
*lextam
|
*lextai
|
*lextans
|
| genitive
|
*lextās
|
*lextous
|
*lextom
|
| dative
|
*lextai
|
*lextābom
|
*lextābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*lextābim
|
*lextābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lextom
|
*lextou
|
*lextā
|
| vocative
|
*lextom
|
*lextou
|
*lextā
|
| accusative
|
*lextom
|
*lextou
|
*lextā
|
| genitive
|
*lextī
|
*lextous
|
*lextom
|
| dative
|
*lextūi
|
*lextobom
|
*lextobos
|
| instrumental
|
*lextū
|
*lextobim
|
*lextobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 236