Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/boudīkos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology 1

    From *boudi (booty, victory) +‎ *-ākos.

    Adjective

    *boudīkos

    1. victorious
    Inflection
    O/ā-stem
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *boudīkos *boudīkou *boudīkoi
    vocative *boudīke *boudīkou *boudīkoi
    accusative *boudīkom *boudīkou *boudīkons
    genitive *boudīkī *boudīkous *boudīkom
    dative *boudīkūi *boudīkobom *boudīkobos
    instrumental *boudīkū *boudīkobim *boudīkobis
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *boudīkā *boudīkai *boudīkās
    vocative *boudīkā *boudīkai *boudīkās
    accusative *boudīkam *boudīkai *boudīkans
    genitive *boudīkās *boudīkous *boudīkom
    dative *boudīkai *boudīkābom *boudīkābos
    instrumental *? *boudīkābim *boudīkābis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *boudīkom *boudīkou *boudīkā
    vocative *boudīkom *boudīkou *boudīkā
    accusative *boudīkom *boudīkou *boudīkā
    genitive *boudīkī *boudīkous *boudīkom
    dative *boudīkūi *boudīkobom *boudīkobos
    instrumental *boudīkū *boudīkobim *boudīkobis
    Declension of the comparative
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *boudīkyūs *? *boudīkyoses
    vocative *boudīkyūs *? *boudīkyoses
    accusative *boudīkyosam *? *boudīkyosans
    genitive *boudīkisos *? *boudīkisom
    dative *boudīkisei *? *boudīkisbos
    instrumental *boudīkisī *? *boudīkisbis
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *boudīkyūs *? *boudīkyoses
    vocative *boudīkyūs *? *boudīkyoses
    accusative *boudīkyosam *? *boudīkyosans
    genitive *boudīkisos *? *boudīkisom
    dative *boudīkisei *? *boudīkisbos
    instrumental *boudīkisī *? *boudīkisbis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *boudīkis *? *?
    vocative *boudīkis *? *?
    accusative *boudīkis *? *?
    genitive *boudīkisos *? *boudīkisom
    dative *boudīkisei *? *boudīkisbos
    instrumental *boudīkisī *? *boudīkisbis
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    • Proto-Brythonic: *bʉðig
      • Cornish: budhek
      • Middle Welsh: buðic
    • Old Irish: búadach
      • Scottish Gaelic: buaidheach

    Etymology 2

      An ancient Indo-European compound of *gʷṓws (cow) and *dʰeh₁(y)- (to suck).[1] For more information, see Jørgensen (2025).[2]

      Noun

      *boudīkos m

      1. earthworm
      Inflection
      Masculine o-stem
      singular dual plural
      nominative *boudīkos *boudīkou *boudīkoi
      vocative *boudīke *boudīkou *boudīkoi
      accusative *boudīkom *boudīkou *boudīkons
      genitive *boudīkī *boudīkous *boudīkom
      dative *boudīkūi *boudīkobom *boudīkobos
      locative *boudīkei *? *?
      instrumental *boudīkū *boudīkobim *boudīkūis
      Descendants
      • Proto-Brythonic: *bʉðig
      • Gaulish:
        • Poitevin-Saintongeais: boite

      References

      1. ^ Rychło, Mikołaj; Kaczyńska, Elwira; Kowalski, Andrzej; Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (2024), “Milk-sucking "thieves" in Indo-European folklore: An etymological analysis of zoonyms”, in Lege artis. Language yesterday, today, tomorrow, volume 9, number 1, Trnava: University of SS Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, →ISSN, pages 84-103
      2. ^ Jørgensen, Anders Richardt (2025), “A tiny Indo-European ‘cow-suckler’? A new etymology for Breton buzhugenn, Middle Cornish vethygan and Gascon bousic, boudic ‘earthworm’”, in Jenny Larsson, Thomas Olander and Anders Richardt Jørgensen, editors, Indo-European Ecologies: Cattle and Milk - Snakes and Water[1], Stockholm University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 163–189