Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-ākos
Proto-Celtic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Cognate with Latin -ācus, -īcus, Ancient Greek -ακός (-akós), -ικός (-ikós), Proto-Germanic *-agaz, Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), -शस (-śasa).
Suffix
*-ākos
- Forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of "involved with, belonging to, having".
Inflection
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-ākos | *-ākou | *-ākoi |
| vocative | *-āke | *-ākou | *-ākoi |
| accusative | *-ākom | *-ākou | *-ākons |
| genitive | *-ākī | *-ākous | *-ākom |
| dative | *-ākūi | *-ākobom | *-ākobos |
| instrumental | *-ākū | *-ākobim | *-ākobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-ākā | *-ākai | *-ākās |
| vocative | *-ākā | *-ākai | *-ākās |
| accusative | *-ākam | *-ākai | *-ākans |
| genitive | *-ākās | *-ākous | *-ākom |
| dative | *-ākai | *-ākābom | *-ākābos |
| instrumental | *? | *-ākābim | *-ākābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-ākom | *-ākou | *-ākā |
| vocative | *-ākom | *-ākou | *-ākā |
| accusative | *-ākom | *-ākou | *-ākā |
| genitive | *-ākī | *-ākous | *-ākom |
| dative | *-ākūi | *-ākobom | *-ākobos |
| instrumental | *-ākū | *-ākobim | *-ākobis |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-ākyūs | *? | *-ākyoses |
| vocative | *-ākyūs | *? | *-ākyoses |
| accusative | *-ākyosam | *? | *-ākyosans |
| genitive | *-ākisos | *? | *-ākisom |
| dative | *-ākisei | *? | *-ākisbos |
| instrumental | *-ākisī | *? | *-ākisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-ākyūs | *? | *-ākyoses |
| vocative | *-ākyūs | *? | *-ākyoses |
| accusative | *-ākyosam | *? | *-ākyosans |
| genitive | *-ākisos | *? | *-ākisom |
| dative | *-ākisei | *? | *-ākisbos |
| instrumental | *-ākisī | *? | *-ākisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-ākis | *? | *? |
| vocative | *-ākis | *? | *? |
| accusative | *-ākis | *? | *? |
| genitive | *-ākisos | *? | *-ākisom |
| dative | *-ākisei | *? | *-ākisbos |
| instrumental | *-ākisī | *? | *-ākisbis |
Derived terms
Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-ākos (adjective)
Descendants
Etymology 2
Substantivisation of the above adjective suffix. Functionally cognate with Proto-Slavic *-akъ.
Suffix
*-ākos m
- Forms nouns indicating a person involved with, belonging to or having.
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-ākos | *-ākou | *-ākoi |
| vocative | *-āke | *-ākou | *-ākoi |
| accusative | *-ākom | *-ākou | *-ākons |
| genitive | *-ākī | *-ākous | *-ākom |
| dative | *-ākūi | *-ākobom | *-ākobos |
| locative | *-ākei | *? | *? |
| instrumental | *-ākū | *-ākobim | *-ākūis |
Derived terms
Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-ākos (noun)