Reconstruction:Proto-Berber/ăβkəʔ

This Proto-Berber entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Berber

Verb

*ăβkəʔ (imperfect *əβăḱḱăʔ or *əβăkkăʔ)

to give

Descendants

Northern Berber:
- Kabyle: efk, imperfect ttak (< *ak)
- Atlas:
  - Tashelhit: fk, kf, ff, f, imperfect akka
  - Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴽⴼ (kf), ⵛⴼ (cf), ⵛ (c), ⴼⴽ (fk), ⴼⵛ (fc), imperfect ⴰⴽⴽⴰ (akka) (with metathesis)
  - Senhaja de Srair: ekk, ikk
  - Ghomara: fk
- Zenati:
  - Tarifit: ewc, ukc
  - Northern Saharan Berber: uc, imperfect ttic (Ouargla), uc, imperfect ttic (Mzab), wec, imperfect ttič (< *ič) (Figuig)
    - Northern Saharan Berber: yuc (“god”)
      - → Moroccan Amazigh: ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (akuc, “god”)
Eastern Berber:
- Awjila: ǝfk, imperfect fǝkká
- Nefusa: efk
- Ghadames: ăkf, imperfect βăkk
- Sokna: aš, imperfect táš
- Siwi: uš
Tuareg: ăkf, imperfect hăkk (with metathesis)
Western Berber:
- Zenaga: äkf̣i(ʔ) (“to give”)
  - ⇒ Zenaga: ämukfi (“donor”)
- Tetserret: ǝkf (“to give”)

References

Marijn van Putten (2019), “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica (in Spanish), Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, pages 270, 272
Maarten Kossmann (1999), Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère (Grammatical analyses of african languages; 12) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: ‎Rüdiger Köppe, →ISBN, page 175