Reconstruction:Proto-Athabaskan/də-

This Proto-Athabaskan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Athabaskan

Etymology

From Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease).

Prefix

*də-

  1. the *də- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with an *ə- classifier; it produces the agentive passive verb forms

Usage notes

  • For convenience, this prefix is sometimes written as D-.
  • *lə-
  • *ɬə-

Descendants

  • Northern Athabaskan:
    • Ahtna: d- (manifesting as d-effect)
    • Lower Tanana: de-
  • Pacific Coast Athabaskan:
    • Hupa: d-
    • Wailaki: d-
  • Southern Athabaskan:
    • Navajo: d- (manifesting as d-effect)
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