Reconstruction:Prakrit/𑀅𑀟𑀇

This Prakrit entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Prakrit

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Dravidian,^[1] whence Kannada ಅಡ್ಡ (aḍḍa, “obstruction”), Tamil அடை (aṭai, “be obstructed”), Tulu ಅಟಕ (aṭaka), ಅಡಕ (aḍaka, “obstacle”), and Brahui اڑ (aṛ, “obstruction”). Possibly related to attested 𑀅𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀡 (aḍḍaṇa, “shield”).

Verb

*𑀅𑀟𑀇 (*aḍaï) (Devanagari *अडइ) (Proto-New Indo-Aryan)^[1]

to obstruct, stop

Alternative reconstructions

*𑀅𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (*aḍḍaï), *𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (*aṭṭaï), *𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (*aṭṭakkaï) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓𑁆𑀓- (-kka-))

Derived terms

(uncertain) *𑀅𑀟𑁆𑀟 (*aḍḍa, “transverse”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Inherited

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: अड़ना (aṛnā), ⇒ आड़ना (āṛnā), ⇒ आड़ (āṛ)
  - Urdu: اڑنا, ⇒ آڑنا (āṛnā), ⇒ آڑ (āṛ)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Assamese: আঁৰ (ãr)
- Bihari:
  - Maithili: अड़ाएब (aṛāēb)
- Odia: ଆଡ଼ିବା (āṛibā)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Sinhalese: අඩය (aḍaya)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Kumaoni: अड़णो (aṛṇo, “to persist”), ⇒ आड़ो (āṛo)
- Nepali: आड़ (āṛ, “cover”), अड़िनु (aṛinu)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabic:
  - Punjabi: ਅੜਨਾ / اڑنا (aṛanā), ⇒ ਅੱਡਾ / اڈا (aḍḍā)
  - Saraiki: اڑݨ (aṛaṇ), ⇒ اڈ (aḍḍ)
- Sindhic:
  - Sindhi: [script needed] (aḍaṇu)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: अडणे (aḍṇe)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: અડવું (aṛvũ), ⇒ આડણી (āṛaṇī)
- Vaghri: અડ્ડણુ (aḍḍaṇu)

From *𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (*aṭṭaï)

Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: अटणे (aṭṇe)

Extended with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓𑁆𑀓- (-kka-)

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: अटकना (aṭaknā)
  - Urdu: اٹکنا
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Assamese: ⇒ আটক (atok)
  - Bengali: আটকানা (aṭkana), ⇒ আটক (aṭok)
- Bihari:
  - Maithili: अटकब (aṭᵊkab)
- Odia: ଅଟକିବା (aṭakibā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Kumaoni: अटकणो (aṭakaṇo)
- Nepali: अड़्किनु (aṛkinu)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabic:
  - Saraiki: اٹکݨ (aṭkaṇ)
  - Punjabi: ਅਟਕਣਾ / اٹکݨا (aṭakṇā)
- Sindhic:
  - Sindhi: [script needed] (aṭkaṇu)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: अडकणे (aḍakṇe)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: અટકવું (aṭakvũ)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “aḍ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 10

[CDIAL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “aḍ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 10

[1]