Reconstruction:Old Persian/gaiθā

This Old Persian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Old Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *gayHθáH.

Noun

*gaiθā^[1]^[2]

(living) property, livestock, cattle
(in the plural) living beings, living world

Inflection

𐎥𐎡𐎰𐎠𐎶𐎨𐎠 (g-i-θ-a-m-c-a /⁠gaiθām-cā⁠/, acc.sg.)
*gaiθānām (gen.pl.)^[3]

Derived terms

*Druvagēθah (personal name, cf. Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬊𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬀 (druuogaēθa))
- → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋾𒈠𒆠𒊓 (Tur-ma-ge-sa)
*Gaiθastanah (personal name)
- → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆠𒀀𒊓𒅖𒁕𒈾 (Ge-a-sa-iš-da-na), 𒆠𒄿𒊓𒅖[𒁕𒈾] (Ge-hi-sa-iš-[da-na])
*Gēθapatiš (personal name)
- → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆠𒊓𒁀𒋾𒅖 (Ge-sa-bat-ti-iš), 𒆠𒋗𒁀𒁕𒋾𒅖 (Ge-šu-bat-ti-iš), 𒆠𒀀𒊓𒁀𒁕[𒋗] (Ka-a-sa-bat-ta[š]), 𒆠𒀀𒊓𒁀𒁕𒋾𒅖 (Ka-a-sa-bat-ti-iš)
- → Neo-Babylonian: 𒄀𒋼𒉺𒌅 (Ge-te-pa-tu₄)
*Gēθīš (personal name)
- → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆠𒅖𒋛𒅖 (Ge-iš-ši-iš)
*Tahmagēθah (personal name)
- → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋳𒆠𒊓 (Tam₅-ge-sa)

Descendants

Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gyẖ /⁠gēh⁠/, “property”)
Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gyẖʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/, “living beings, living world”) (< gen pl *gaiθānām)
- Classical Persian: گیهان (gēhān)
  - Dari: جهان (jahān)
  - Iranian Persian: جهان (jahān) (see there for further descendants)
  - Tajik: ҷаҳон (jahon), геҳон (gehon)

References

^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (2014), “gai̭ϑā-”, in Wörterbuch Der Altpersischen Königsinschriften [Dictionary of Old Persian Royal Inscriptions] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “γyδh”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 180: “OP gaiθā”
^ Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 26: “OP *gaiθānām (gen. pl.) ‘personal property, cattle, herd’ > MP gēhān ‘world’”

[1] Schmitt, Rüdiger (2014), “gai̭ϑā-”, in Wörterbuch Der Altpersischen Königsinschriften [Dictionary of Old Persian Royal Inscriptions] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178

[2] Gharib, B. (1995), “γyδh”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 180: “OP gaiθā”

[3] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 26: “OP *gaiθānām (gen. pl.) ‘personal property, cattle, herd’ > MP gēhān ‘world’”

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