-Vn

• IPA^(key): /ːn/

From -hVn where the -h- has been elided between unstressed short vowels.

-an, -en, -in, -on, -un, -yn, -än, -ön (linguistic notation -Vn, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)

1. Forms the illative singular case.

• See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the illative case is used.
• Used after an unstressed short vowel. The vowel is the same as the final vowel in the stem, thus producing a long vowel.

• (depending on the preceding vowel (i.e. lengthens the preceding vowel)) -an, -en, -in, -on, -un, -yn, -än, -ön

• -hVn
• -hin
• -seen
• -siin

From Proto-Finnic *-hën.

Originally a reflexive suffix, which developed into a third-person possessive suffix in Eastern Finnish, Karelian and Ingrian. Thus this was at first found only in the eastern dialects, but adopted into the standard language in the 19th century.^[1]

-an, -en, -än (linguistic notation -Vn, V corresponds to the preceding vowel)

1. The shorter third-person possessive suffix.

Can always be replaced with -nsa, the longer third-person possessive suffix, but not the other way around. Specifically, -Vn can be used:

• when the vowel preceding -nsa is a short a, ä and e (general rule, but defers to the next two)
• for nominal inflections (including participles and adverbs derived from such), all cases except the nominative, genitive, illative and instructive; can be used with partitive only if it does not end in aa or ää
• for verbal inflections, the long 1st infinitive, the 2nd infinitive, and the 5th infinitive

• (depending on the preceding vowel (i.e. lengthens the preceding vowel)) -an, -en, -än

From the illative ending (-Vn, etymology 1) attached directly to the verb stem.

-an, -en, -in, -on, -un, -yn, -än, -ön (linguistic notation -Vn, V corresponds to the preceding vowel) (colloquial)

1. alternative form of -maan

• Example: ottaan = standard ottamaan.
• Originally a Tavastian dialectal characteristic, but nowadays can be encountered in urban "non-dialectal" speech.

• -nsa