-CHʼIL
Navajo
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Athabaskan *tšʷ’ə̓tɬ’ (“to shrivel”), with multiple extended meanings, or alternatively from Proto-Athabaskan *tšʼʳǝ̓tɬʼ (“underbrush, bushes; small willow trees”).[1] In the case of the latter, perhaps distantly cognate with Ket дәльт (dɤ̄ˑlʲt, “purple willow”).
Cognate roots found in Ahtna tsʼetlʼ (“to close the eyes, pop”), Koyukon tsʼetł (“shrubs, small willows”), Gwich'in diltrʼal (“fire crackled”), niltrʼal (“he had his eyes closed”), trʼał (“brush, undergrowth”).
Root
-CHʼIL
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | adjectival |
S is curly
|
|||||
| l | motion |
S curls, peels off
|
S curls O
|
||||
| ∅ | conversive |
S is undercooked
|
S undercooks O, shrivels O by heat
|
||||
| ni + l | successive |
|
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| di + l | ? | burning wood crackles
|
|||||
| ʼa + di + l | ? |
lightning strikes
|
3. plant
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| di + ł | adjectival |
|
Stem set
| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Iterative | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous | -chʼííł | -chʼil | -chʼił | -chʼił | -chʼííł |
| Transitional | -chʼííł | -chʼiil | -chʼił | -chʼił | -chʼííł |
| Continuative | -chʼiił | -chʼil | -chʼił | -chʼił | -chʼiił |
| CONT / CONCL | -chʼil | -chʼil | -chʼił | -chʼił | -chʼil |
| Repetitive | -chʼił | — | — | — | — |
| Semelfactive | -chʼił | -chʼił | -chʼił | -chʼił | -chʼił |
| NEUTER | — | -chʼil | — | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -CHʼIL (curl)
Navajo terms belonging to the root -CHʼIL (lightning)
Navajo terms belonging to the root -CHʼIL (plant)