-ша

See also: ша, ща, and Appendix:Variations of "sa"

Kazakh

Suffix

preceding vowel
А / Ы / О / Ұ Ә / Е / І / Ө / Ү
postconsonantal -ша (-şa) -ше (-şe)
postvocalic -ша (-şa) -ше (-şe)

-ша • (-şa)

  1. Form of -ше (-şe) after the vowels А / Ы / О / Ұ.

Russian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • -ша: IPA(key): [ʂə]
  • -ша́: IPA(key): [ˈʂa] (rare)

Suffix

-ша • (-šaf anim or m anim

  1. (feminine) Forms female equivalents of nouns denoting males, or nouns denoting the wife of the male equivalent.
    генера́л (generál, general) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎генера́льша (generálʹša, generaless, female general)
    секрета́рь (sekretárʹ, secretary) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎секрета́рша (sekretárša, female secretary)
    Кли́нтон (Klínton, [Bill] Clinton) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Кли́нтонша (Klíntonša, [Hillary] Clinton) (colloquial)
  2. (masculine or feminine) Used to make diminutive forms of words, including personal names. When added to personal names, the name is normally truncated, typically down to a single syllable consisting of a consonant + vowel.
    ле́во (lévo, left) + ‎-ша́ (-šá) → ‎левша́ (levšá, lefty)
    Алекса́(ндр) (Aleksá(ndr), Alexander) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Алекса́ша (Aleksáša, Sasha) → ‎Са́ша (Sáša)
    Але́(ксей) (Alé(ksej), Alexey) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Алёша (Aljóša, Lyosha)
    Да́(рья) (Dá(rʹja), Daria) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Да́ша (Dáša, Dasha)
    Ма(ри́я) (Ma(ríja), Maria) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Ма́ша (Máša, Masha)
    Ми(хаи́л) (Mi(xaíl), Mikhail) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Ми́ша (Míša, Misha)
    Ната́(лья) (Natá(lʹja), Natalia) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Ната́ша (Natáša, Natasha)
    Па́(вел) (Pá(vel), Pavel) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Па́ша (Páša, Pasha)

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Esperanto: -ĉjo

See also

Ukrainian

Etymology

Pronunciation

  • -ша: IPA(key): [ ʃa]
  • -ша́: IPA(key): [ ˈʃa] (rare)

Suffix

-ша • (-šaf pers

  1. Forms female equivalents of nouns denoting males, or nouns denoting the wife of the male equivalent.
    генера́л (henerál, general) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎генера́льша (henerálʹša, generaless, female general)

Suffix

-ша • (-šam pers or f pers by sense

  1. Used to make diminutive forms, of both animacies, of words, including personal names. When added to personal names, the name is normally truncated, typically down to a single syllable consisting of a consonant + vowel.
    Па́(вло) (Pá(vlo), Pavel) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Па́ша m anim (Páša, Pasha)
    чино(вник) (čyno(vnyk), bureaucrat) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎чину́ша m anim (čynúša, bureaucrat, derogatory)
    Ма́(рія) (Má(rija), Maria) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎Ма́ша f anim (Máša, Masha)
    кату(вати) (katu(vaty), to torture) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎кату́ша f inan (katúša, tortures, torturing, collective)
    гарк(авити) (hark(avyty), to mispronounce sound /r/) + ‎-ша (-ša) → ‎гарку́ша m anim or f anim (harkúša, mispronouncer of /r/, colloquial)

Declension

Declension of -́ша, -ша́
(pers semisoft fem-form accent-a/b)
singular plural
nominative -́ша, -ша́
-́ša, -šá
-ші́
-ší
genitive -ші́
-ší
-́ш, -ші́в
-́š, -šív
dative -ші́
-ší
-ша́м
-šám
accusative -шу́
-šú
-́ш, -ші́в
-́š, -šív
instrumental -ше́ю
-šéju
-ша́ми
-šámy
locative -ші́
-ší
-ша́х
-šáx
vocative -ше́
-šé
-ші́
-ší

Derived terms

See also