-ай

See also: ај, ай, яй, -ај, and Appendix:Variations of "ai"

Kildin Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *-jëj. Cognate with Northern Sami -i.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ай (-aj)

Forms adjectives indicating an abundance of something from nouns.
‎пӣӈӈк (pīŋŋk, “wind”) + ‎-ай (-aj) → ‎пӣӈӈькай (pīŋŋ’kaj, “windy”)

Inflection

This suffix needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Kildin Sami terms suffixed with -ай (abundance)

пӣӈӈькай

Moksha

Etymology 1

Perhaps related to Finnish -ja, Estonian -ja, Livonian -ji, e.g., jūoji (“drinker”).

Suffix

-ай • (-aj)

agentive suffix
- V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
  морай
  mor aj
  singer

Etymology 2

Common Moksha adaptation of Russian -ый (-yj, adjective or attributive noun forming suffix).

Suffix

-ай • (-aj)

suffix found in adjectives or attributive nouns borrowed from Russian
- O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN, page 100
  Порядковай числительнайхне
  Porädkov aj čisliteľn ajhne
  Ordinal numbers

Declension

Definite declension of **-ай**
	singular	plural
nominative	-айсь (-ajś)	-айхне (-ajhne)
genitive	-айть (-ajť)	-айхнень (-ajhneń)
dative	-айти (-ajti)	-айхненди (-ajhnendi)

Derived terms

Moksha terms suffixed with -ай

References

Ukrainian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀjas

Proto-Slavic *-ajь

Ukrainian -ай

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ajь. cognate with Serbo-Croatian -ај m, Russian -ей m anim (-ej).

Pronunciation

-а́й: IPA^(key): [ ˈai̯]

Suffix

-а́й • (-áj) m anim or m inan (alternatively -ей)

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a result of an action or an object.
‎борода (boroda, “beard”) + ‎-ай (-aj) → ‎бородай anim (borodaj, “beardy”)

‎чуга (čuha) + ‎-ай (-aj) → ‎чугай inan (čuhaj, “a kind of homespun clothes”)

Declension

Declension of *-а́й*
(pers/inan j-stem masc-form accent-a/b)
	singular	plural
nominative	-а́й -áj	-а́ї, -аї́ -áji, -ají
genitive	-а́я, -ая́ -ája, -ajá	-а́їв, -аї́в -ájiv, -ajív
dative	-а́ю, -а́єві, -аю́, -ає́ві -áju, -ájevi, -ajú, -ajévi	-а́ям, -ая́м -ájam, -ajám
accusative	-а́я, -а́й -ája, -áj	-а́їв, -аї́ -ájiv, -ají
instrumental	-а́єм, -ає́м -ájem, -ajém	-а́ями, -ая́ми -ájamy, -ajámy
locative	-а́ю, -а́єві, -а́ї, -аю́, -аї́ -áju, -ájevi, -áji, -ajú, -ají	-а́ях, -ая́х -ájax, -ajáx
vocative	-а́ю -áju	-а́ї, -аї́ -áji, -ají

Derived terms

Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ай

References

Лев Миха́йлович Полю́га [Lev Mykhailovych Poliuha] (2001), Словник українських морфем: близько 40 000 слів [Dictionary of Ukrainian morphemes: close to 40,000 words] (in Ukrainian), Львів [Lviv]: Світ [Svit], →ISBN, page 375