-ł
See also: Appendix:Variations of "l"
Ahtna
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-ɬ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Athabaskan *-ɬ (instrumental suffix)
Suffix
-ł
- Derives instrumental nouns from verbs
Usage notes
- Nouns such as ʼaeł (“trap”), saeł (“box”), and xoł (“snare barricade”) may contain this suffix, but do not alternate with suffixless a verb stem
- In possessed forms, the suffix is often voiced to /l/ and followed by eʼ
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Athabaskan *-ɬ (progressive suffix)
Suffix
-ł
- Marks the progressive aspect, appearing in progressive verb stems
Derived terms
References
- Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 262
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /w/
- Rhymes: -w
- Syllabification: -ł
Suffix
-ł
- forms masculine past tense
See also
Further reading
- -ł in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Wailaki
Etymology
Postposition
-ł
- with, accompanying
- shił ― with me
- nił ― with you
Inflection
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | shił | ŋhohł |
| 2nd person | nił | ŋhohł |
| 3rd person | bił | |
| Reflexive | ʼaadił | |
| Indefinite | kił, kidił | |
| Indefinite | yidił | |
References
- Begay, Kayla Rae (2017), Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page 221