See also: Appendix:Variations of "l"

Ahtna

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /-ɬ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *-ɬ (instrumental suffix)

Suffix

  1. Derives instrumental nouns from verbs
    ghae (to pack) + ‎ → ‎xaeł (pack)
    tlʼuu (bind) + ‎ → ‎tlʼuuł (rope)
Usage notes
  • Nouns such as ʼaeł (trap), saeł (box), and xoł (snare barricade) may contain this suffix, but do not alternate with suffixless a verb stem
  • In possessed forms, the suffix is often voiced to /l/ and followed by
Derived terms
Ahtna terms suffixed with -ł (instrumental)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Athabaskan *-ɬ (progressive suffix)

Suffix

  1. Marks the progressive aspect, appearing in progressive verb stems
Derived terms
Ahtna terms suffixed with -ł (progressive)

References

  • Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 262

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /w/
  • Rhymes: -w
  • Syllabification:

Suffix

  1. forms masculine past tense
    apraćprał
    ebielećbielał
    ibićbił
    ukućkuł
    ygaworzyćgaworzył
    ądąćdął
    dbóśćbódł
    tpleśćplótł
    spaśćpasł
    zgryźćgryzł
    kpiecpiekł
    gmócmógł

See also

Further reading

  • in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Wailaki

Etymology

Compare Navajo bił.

Postposition

  1. with, accompanying
    shiłwith me
    niłwith you

Inflection

Possessives of
singular plural
1st person shił ŋhohł
2nd person nił ŋhohł
3rd person bił
Reflexive ʼaadił
Indefinite kił, kidił
Indefinite yidił

References

  • Begay, Kayla Rae (2017), Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page 221