'o
See also: Appendix:Variations of "o" and ʻo
Lower Tanana
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔɔ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Athabaskan *ʔaˑ, and therefore cognate with Navajo -ʼĄ́, Ahtna ʼaa.
Root
'o
Stem set
| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous | 'oyh | 'onh | 'oɬ | 'o' |
| Perambulative | 'oyh | 'onh | 'oyh | 'oyh |
| Neuter | 'onh | o' | 'oɬ | 'oɬ |
| Persistive | 'ox | 'ox | 'ox | 'ox |
| Progressive | 'oɬ | — | — | — |
Derived terms
- bethghe'oɬ (“to fly in a flock or gyre”)
- det'oni (“peregrine falcon”)
- dhe'oni (“rock”)
- dhe'onh (“a compact object exists, is in position”, dh-neuter, ∅-gender)
- i'oyi (“boil”)
- nadh'onh (“a compact round object exists, is in position”, dh-neuter, n-gender)
- tach'enatht'onh (“December”)
- tadhe'oni (“fishtrap”)
- tthi'oɬ (“pillow”)
- xedot'onhde (“joint”)
- xudh'onh (“a location exists, is in position”, dh-neuter, xw-gender)
References
- Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 51-56
Etymology 2
From Proto-Athabaskan *ʔaˑŋʔ, and therefore cognate with Navajo -ʼĄĄD.
Root
'o
Stem set
| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous | 'oyh | 'onh | 'o | — |
| Momentaneous | 'oyh | 'on' | 'oɬ | 'oɬ |
Derived terms
References
- Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 56
Etymology 3
From Proto-Athabaskan *ʔaˑʷ, and therefore cognate with Navajo -ʼÁ.
Root
'o
Stem set
| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuter | 'o | 'o' | 'oɬ | 'o' |
| Momentaneous | 'oyh | 'o' | 'oɬ | 'o' |
| Transitional | — | 'o' | — | — |
| Customary | 'oyh | 'ok | 'oyh | 'oyh |
Derived terms
- benche'ayi (“axe”)
- niɬghodat'oyi (“cross, crucifix”)
- tadle'o (“it is respected”)
- tal'o (“it is long”, ∅-gender)
- tanal'o (“it is long”, n-gender)
- tani'oyi (“long-handled pike”)
- tedal'o (“it is long”, d-gender)
- to'oyi (“paddle”)
- dranh tadle'oyi (“holidays, Christmas”)
- tth'idh'o (“it is straight”)
- tth'idadh'o (“it is straight (d-gender”)
- tth'idal'o (“it is straight”, t-)
- xwda'o
References
- Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 58-59
Neapolitan
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Neapolitan lo, ultimately from Latin illud. Compare Italian lo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Article
'o
Pronoun
'o
Coordinate terms
| nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | possessive | prepositional | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | first person | io | me | mìo, mìa, miéje, mèje | me, méne | |||
| second person |
familiar | tu | te | tùjo, tója, tuóje, tòje | te, téne | |||
| formal | vuje | ve | vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste | vuje | ||||
| third person |
n | ésso | 'o (lo) | lle | se | sùjo, sója, suóje, sòje | ésso | |
| m | ìsso | 'o, 'u (lo, lu) | lle, lli | ìsso | ||||
| f | éssa | 'a (la) | lle | éssa | ||||
| plural | first person | nuje | nce | nuósto, nòsta, nuóste, nòste | nuje | |||
| second person | vuje | ve | vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste | vuje | ||||
| third person |
n | éssa (llòro) | 'a (la) | lle (llòro) | se | llòro (invariable) | éssa (llòro) | |
| m | ìsse (llòro) | 'e, 'i (le, li) | lle, lli (llòro) | ìsse (llòro) | ||||
| f | ésse (llòro) | 'e (le) | lle (llòro) | ésse (llòro) | ||||
See also
O'odham
Verb
'o
- auxiliary verb
- Gogs 'o hi꞉nk.
- The dog is/was barking.
Verb
'o
- third-person plural imperfect indicative of 'o
Usage notes
Not to be confused with o, the future marker.
See also
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| imperfective | perfective | imperfective | perfective | ||
| first person | long | 'añ | 'ant | 'ac | 'att |
| short | ñ | nt | c | tt | |
| second person | long | 'ap | 'apt | 'am | 'amt |
| short | p | pt | m | mt | |
| third person | long | 'o | 'at | 'o | 'at |
| short | t | t | |||
References
- Zepeda, Ofelia (1983), A Tohono Oʼodham Grammar, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, published after 1986, page 19
Samoan
Particle
'o
- Placed at the beginning of nominative phrases to signify that they are declarative