𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔

Prakrit

Etymology 1

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás
Sanskrit वृ॒क्ष (vṛkṣá)
Ashokan Prakrit *𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*rukkha)
Prakrit 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔

    Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*rukkha), from Sanskrit वृ॒क्ष (vṛkṣá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás. Doublet of 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙 (vaccha). Cognate with Pali rukkha.

    Noun

    𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha) m (Devanagari रुक्ख, Kannada ರುಕ್ಖ) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī)

    1. tree
    Declension
    Maharastri declension of 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (masculine)
    singular plural
    Nominative 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁄 (rukkho) 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (rukkhā)
    Accusative 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀁 (rukkhaṃ) 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂 (rukkhe) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (rukkhā)
    Instrumental 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀡 (rukkheṇa) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀡𑀁 (rukkheṇaṃ) 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀳𑀺 (rukkhehi) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (rukkhehiṃ)
    Dative 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀅 (rukkhāa) —
    Ablative 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀑 (rukkhāo) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀉 (rukkhāu) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (rukkhā) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺 (rukkhāhi) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (rukkhāhiṃto) —
    Genitive 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁆𑀲 (rukkhassa) 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡 (rukkhāṇa) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀁 (rukkhāṇaṃ)
    Locative 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (rukkhammi) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂 (rukkhe) 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀲𑀼 (rukkhesu) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (rukkhesuṃ)
    Vocative 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha) or 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (rukkhā) 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (rukkhā)
    Descendants
    Descendants
    • Central Indo-Aryan:
      • Hindustani:
        • Hindi: रूख (rūkh)
        • Urdu: رُوکھ (rūkh)
    • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Insular Indo-Aryan:
    • Northern Indo-Aryan:
    • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Southern Indo-Aryan:
      • Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘏 (rukha), 𑘨𑘳𑘽𑘏 (ruṃkha)
    • Western Indo-Aryan:

    Etymology 2

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *HruHḱsós
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *HruHćšás
    Sanskrit रू॒क्ष (rūkṣá)
    Prakrit 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔

      Inherited from Sanskrit रू॒क्ष (rūkṣá, “rough”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HruHćšás, from Proto-Indo-European *HruHḱsós.

      Adjective

      𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha) (Devanagari रुक्ख)

      1. rough
      Descendants
      Descendants
      • Central Indo-Aryan:
        • Old Hindi: रूष (rūṣa /⁠rūkha⁠/), रूषा (rūṣā /⁠rūkhā⁠/)
          • Hindi: रूख (rūkh), रूखा (rūkhā), रुक्खा (rukkhā)
          • Urdu: روکھ (rūkh), روکھا (rūkhā), رکھا (rukkhā)
      • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
        • Bengali: রুখা (rukha)
        • Maithili: रुख (rukh)
        • Odia: ରୂଖା (rukhā)
      • Northern Indo-Aryan:
        • Kumaoni: रूखो
        • Nepali: रुखो (rukho)
      • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
        • Lahnda: رکھا (rukkhā)
        • Punjabi:
          Gurmukhi script: ਰੁੱਖਾ (rukkhā)
          Shahmukhi script: رکھا (rukkhā)

      References

      • E.B. Cowell (1868), The Prákṛit Prakáśa‎[1], London: Trübner & Co., page 112
      • Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957), Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 4
      • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “rukṣa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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