रूक्ष
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- लूक्ष (lūkṣa)
- रुक्ष (rukṣa)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰূক্ষ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬹᬓ᭄ᬱ (Balinese script)
- রূক্ষ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰳𑰎𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀽𑀓𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
- ရူက္ၑ (Burmese script)
- રૂક્ષ (Gujarati script)
- ਰੂਕ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑍂𑌕𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦹꦏ꧀ꦰ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂴𑂍𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
- ರೂಕ್ಷ (Kannada script)
- រូក្ឞ (Khmer script)
- ຣູກ຺ຩ (Lao script)
- രൂക്ഷ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡠᡠᡬᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘴𑘎𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠤᠤᢉᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧕𑦮𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐹𑐎𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
- ରୂକ୍ଷ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢹꢒ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆷𑆑𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖳𑖎𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
- රූක්ෂ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩒𑩛𑩜 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚱𑚊𑚶 (Takri script)
- ரூக்ஷ (Tamil script)
- రూక్ష (Telugu script)
- รูกฺษ (Thai script)
- རཱུ་ཀྵ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒴𑒏𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨃𑨊𑨋𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *HruHḱsós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HruHćšás
Sanskrit रूक्ष
Perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HruHćšás, from Proto-Indo-European *HruHḱsós.[1] Related to Old Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬀 (uruša, “emaciated”) and Proto-Germanic *rūhaz
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾuːk.ʂɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾuːk.ʂɐ/
Adjective
रू॒क्ष • (rūkṣá) stem
- rough, dry, arid, dreary
- emaciated, thin
- rough to the taste, astringent
- not greasy or oily (as food or medicine)
- hard, harsh, unkind, cruel (as a person or speech)
- 200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature
- unpleasant, disagreeable, not soft (to the sight, smell, etc)
- dismal (as a house)
- soiled, smeared, dirtied
- (lexicographic) having the smell of an elephant in rut
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रू॒क्षः (rūkṣáḥ) | रू॒क्षौ (rūkṣáu) रू॒क्षा¹ (rūkṣā́¹) |
रू॒क्षाः (rūkṣā́ḥ) रू॒क्षासः॑¹ (rūkṣā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | रू॒क्षम् (rūkṣám) | रू॒क्षौ (rūkṣáu) रू॒क्षा¹ (rūkṣā́¹) |
रू॒क्षान् (rūkṣā́n) |
| instrumental | रू॒क्षेण॑ (rūkṣéṇa) | रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षैः (rūkṣáiḥ) रू॒क्षेभिः॑¹ (rūkṣébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रू॒क्षाय॑ (rūkṣā́ya) | रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षेभ्यः॑ (rūkṣébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रू॒क्षात् (rūkṣā́t) | रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षेभ्यः॑ (rūkṣébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रू॒क्षस्य॑ (rūkṣásya) | रू॒क्षयोः॑ (rūkṣáyoḥ) | रू॒क्षाणा॑म् (rūkṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | रू॒क्षे (rūkṣé) | रू॒क्षयोः॑ (rūkṣáyoḥ) | रू॒क्षेषु॑ (rūkṣéṣu) |
| vocative | रूक्ष॑ (rū́kṣa) | रूक्षौ॑ (rū́kṣau) रूक्षा॑¹ (rū́kṣā¹) |
रूक्षाः॑ (rū́kṣāḥ) रूक्षा॑सः¹ (rū́kṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रू॒क्षा (rūkṣā́) | रू॒क्षे (rūkṣé) | रू॒क्षाः (rūkṣā́ḥ) |
| accusative | रू॒क्षाम् (rūkṣā́m) | रू॒क्षे (rūkṣé) | रू॒क्षाः (rūkṣā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | रू॒क्षया॑ (rūkṣáyā) रू॒क्षा¹ (rūkṣā́¹) |
रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षाभिः॑ (rūkṣā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | रू॒क्षायै॑ (rūkṣā́yai) | रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षाभ्यः॑ (rūkṣā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रू॒क्षायाः॑ (rūkṣā́yāḥ) रू॒क्षायै॑² (rūkṣā́yai²) |
रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षाभ्यः॑ (rūkṣā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रू॒क्षायाः॑ (rūkṣā́yāḥ) रू॒क्षायै॑² (rūkṣā́yai²) |
रू॒क्षयोः॑ (rūkṣáyoḥ) | रू॒क्षाणा॑म् (rūkṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | रू॒क्षाया॑म् (rūkṣā́yām) | रू॒क्षयोः॑ (rūkṣáyoḥ) | रू॒क्षासु॑ (rūkṣā́su) |
| vocative | रूक्षे॑ (rū́kṣe) | रूक्षे॑ (rū́kṣe) | रूक्षाः॑ (rū́kṣāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रू॒क्षम् (rūkṣám) | रू॒क्षे (rūkṣé) | रू॒क्षाणि॑ (rūkṣā́ṇi) रू॒क्षा¹ (rūkṣā́¹) |
| accusative | रू॒क्षम् (rūkṣám) | रू॒क्षे (rūkṣé) | रू॒क्षाणि॑ (rūkṣā́ṇi) रू॒क्षा¹ (rūkṣā́¹) |
| instrumental | रू॒क्षेण॑ (rūkṣéṇa) | रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षैः (rūkṣáiḥ) रू॒क्षेभिः॑¹ (rūkṣébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रू॒क्षाय॑ (rūkṣā́ya) | रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षेभ्यः॑ (rūkṣébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रू॒क्षात् (rūkṣā́t) | रू॒क्षाभ्या॑म् (rūkṣā́bhyām) | रू॒क्षेभ्यः॑ (rūkṣébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रू॒क्षस्य॑ (rūkṣásya) | रू॒क्षयोः॑ (rūkṣáyoḥ) | रू॒क्षाणा॑म् (rūkṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | रू॒क्षे (rūkṣé) | रू॒क्षयोः॑ (rūkṣáyoḥ) | रू॒क्षेषु॑ (rūkṣéṣu) |
| vocative | रूक्ष॑ (rū́kṣa) | रूक्षे॑ (rū́kṣe) | रूक्षा॑णि (rū́kṣāṇi) रूक्षा॑¹ (rū́kṣā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Noun
रू॒क्ष • (rūkṣá) stem, m
- (lexicographic) hardness, harshness
- (lexicographic) the smell of the rut of an elephant
- (lexicographic) a kind of grass
- Synonym: वरक (varaka)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रूक्षः (rūkṣaḥ) | रूक्षौ (rūkṣau) रूक्षा¹ (rūkṣā¹) |
रूक्षाः (rūkṣāḥ) रूक्षासः¹ (rūkṣāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) | रूक्षौ (rūkṣau) रूक्षा¹ (rūkṣā¹) |
रूक्षान् (rūkṣān) |
| instrumental | रूक्षेण (rūkṣeṇa) | रूक्षाभ्याम् (rūkṣābhyām) | रूक्षैः (rūkṣaiḥ) रूक्षेभिः¹ (rūkṣebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रूक्षाय (rūkṣāya) | रूक्षाभ्याम् (rūkṣābhyām) | रूक्षेभ्यः (rūkṣebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रूक्षात् (rūkṣāt) | रूक्षाभ्याम् (rūkṣābhyām) | रूक्षेभ्यः (rūkṣebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रूक्षस्य (rūkṣasya) | रूक्षयोः (rūkṣayoḥ) | रूक्षाणाम् (rūkṣāṇām) |
| locative | रूक्षे (rūkṣe) | रूक्षयोः (rūkṣayoḥ) | रूक्षेषु (rūkṣeṣu) |
| vocative | रूक्ष (rūkṣa) | रूक्षौ (rūkṣau) रूक्षा¹ (rūkṣā¹) |
रूक्षाः (rūkṣāḥ) रूक्षासः¹ (rūkṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
रू॒क्ष • (rūkṣá) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रूक्षः (rūkṣaḥ) | रूक्षौ (rūkṣau) रूक्षा¹ (rūkṣā¹) |
रूक्षाः (rūkṣāḥ) रूक्षासः¹ (rūkṣāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) | रूक्षौ (rūkṣau) रूक्षा¹ (rūkṣā¹) |
रूक्षान् (rūkṣān) |
| instrumental | रूक्षेण (rūkṣeṇa) | रूक्षाभ्याम् (rūkṣābhyām) | रूक्षैः (rūkṣaiḥ) रूक्षेभिः¹ (rūkṣebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | रूक्षाय (rūkṣāya) | रूक्षाभ्याम् (rūkṣābhyām) | रूक्षेभ्यः (rūkṣebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रूक्षात् (rūkṣāt) | रूक्षाभ्याम् (rūkṣābhyām) | रूक्षेभ्यः (rūkṣebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रूक्षस्य (rūkṣasya) | रूक्षयोः (rūkṣayoḥ) | रूक्षाणाम् (rūkṣāṇām) |
| locative | रूक्षे (rūkṣe) | रूक्षयोः (rūkṣayoḥ) | रूक्षेषु (rūkṣeṣu) |
| vocative | रूक्ष (rūkṣa) | रूक्षौ (rūkṣau) रूक्षा¹ (rūkṣā¹) |
रूक्षाः (rūkṣāḥ) रूक्षासः¹ (rūkṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “rūkṣá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 422
Further reading
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag
- Monier Williams (1899), “रूक्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0885.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “rūkṣá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 624