𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dews-?

Proto-Indo-European *dus-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-

Sanskrit दुस्- (dus-)

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanH-der.

Sanskrit खन् (khan)

Sanskrit ख (khá)?

▲

Sanskrit सु॒ख (sukhá)influ.

Sanskrit दुः॒ख (duḥkhá)denom.

Sanskrit दुःखति (duḥkhati)

Ashokan Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀔𑀻𑀬𑀢𑀺 (dukhīyati)

Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀇

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀔𑀻𑀬𑀢𑀺 (dukhīyati, Dhauli) from Sanskrit दुःखति (duḥkhati), दुःखयति (duḥkhayati), दुःखीयति (duḥkhīyati).^[1]

𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀇 (dukkhei) (Devanagari दुक्खेइ, Kannada ದುಕ್ಖೇಇ) (ambitransitive) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī) ^[2]

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Braj: दूखन (dūkhan)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: दुखना (dukhnā)
  
  Urdu: دُکھْنا (dukhnā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: दुख्नु (dukhnu)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Old Punjabi: ਦੁਖਿ (dukhi)
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਦੁਖਣਾ (dukhṇā)
    Shahmukhi script: دُکھݨا (dukhṇā)
- Sindhi:
  Arabic script: ڏُکَڻُ (ḏukhaṇu)
  
  Devanagari script: ॾुखणु
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Old Marathi:
  Modi script: 𑘟𑘳𑘏𑘜𑘹 (dukhaṇe)
  
  Devanagari script: दुखणे (dukhaṇe)
  - Marathi: दुखणे (dukhṇe)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: દુખવું (dukhvũ)
- Saurashtra: ꢣꢸꢒ꣄ꢒꢥ꣄ (dukkan)
- Marwari: दुखणौ (dukhṇau)

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “duḥkhati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 365
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “दुक्खेइ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].