𑀓𑀠𑀇

Prakrit

Alternative forms

𑀓𑀳𑀇 (kahaï)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kweth₂-

Sanskrit क्वथते (kvathate)

Prakrit 𑀓𑀠𑀇

Inherited from Sanskrit क्वथते (kvathate), क्वथति (kvathati), with spontaneous retroflexion.^[1]^[2]

Verb

𑀓𑀠𑀇 (kaḍhaï) (Devanagari कढइ) ^[3]

Derived terms

*𑀉𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀠𑀇 (*ukkaḍhaï) (< उत्क्वथति (utkvathati))
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Konkani:
    Devanagari script: उकड्चे (ukaḍce), उक्ळौचे (ukḷauce)
    
    Kannada script: ಉಕಡ್ಚೆ (ukaḍce), ಉಕ್ಳೌಚೆ (ukḷauce)
    
    Malayalam script: ഉകഡ്ചെ (ukaḍce), ഉക്ളൌചെ (ukḷauce)
    
    Latin script: ukoddche, ukllouche
  - Old Marathi:
    Modi script: 𑘄𑘎𑘚𑘜𑘹 (ukaḍaṇe), 𑘄𑘎𑘛𑘜𑘹 (ukaḍhaṇe)
    
    Devanagari script: उकडणे (ukaḍaṇe), उकढणे (ukaḍhaṇe)
    - Marathi: उकडणे (ukaḍṇe), उकढणे (ukaḍhṇe)

Related terms

𑀓𑀠𑀦 (kaḍhana)
𑀓𑀠𑀺𑀅 (kaḍhia)
𑀓𑀸𑀠 (kāḍha)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: काढ़ना (kāṛhnā) (transitive)
  
  Urdu: کَاڑھنَا (transtitive)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
  Sharada script: 𑆑𑆳𑆫𑆶𑆤𑇀 (kārun)
  
  Devanagari script: कारुन् (kārun)
  
  Arabic script: کارُن (kārun)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Maithili:
  Devanagari script: काढ़ाएब (kāṛhāēb) (transitive)
  
  Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒜𑓃𑒰𑒋𑒥 (kāṛhāēba) (transitive)
- Odia: କଢ଼ା (kaṛhā), କାଢ଼ିବା (kāṛhibā)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਕੜ੍ਹਣਾ (kaṛhṇā), ਕਾੜ੍ਹਣਾ (kāṛhṇā) (transitive)
  
  Shahmukhi script: کَڑھݨَا (kaṛhṇā), کَاڑھݨَا (kāṛhṇā) (transitive)
- Saraiki:
  Multani script: 𑊄𑊨𑊕 (kṛhṇ)
  
  Devanagari script: कढ़ण (kaṛhaṇ)
  
  Shahmukhi script: کَڑھَݨ (kaṛhaṇ)
- Sindhi:
  Khudabadi script: 𑊺𑋋𑋩𑋌𑋣 (kaṛhaṇu), 𑊺𑋠𑋋𑋩𑋌𑋣 (kāṛhaṇu) (transitive)
  
  Devanagari script: कढ़णु (kaṛhaṇu), काढ़णु (kāṛhaṇu) (transitive)
  
  Arabic script: ڪَڙْهَڻُ (kaṛhaṇu), ڪاڙَهڻُ (kāṛhaṇu) (transitive)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Konkani:
  Devanagari script: कड्चे (kaḍce)
  
  Kannada script: ಕಡ್ಚೆ (kaḍce)
  
  Malayalam script: കഡ്ചെ (kaḍce)
  
  Latin script: koddche
- Old Marathi:
  Modi script: 𑘎𑘛𑘜𑘹 (kaḍhaṇe)
  
  Devanagari script: कढणे (kaḍhaṇe)
  - Marathi: कढणे (kaḍhṇe)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: કઢવું (kaḍhvũ)

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kváthati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 188
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kvāthayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 188
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “कढ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kváthati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 188

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kvāthayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 188

[3] Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “कढ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

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