𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰

Sogdian

Other scripts
Manichaean		𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ)
Sogdian		𐫞𐫀𐫄𐫔𐫀 (qʾɣδʾ)
Syriac

Etymology

Etymology tree

Old Chinese 紙 (*kjeʔ)bor.?

Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰

Unknown, perhaps a borrowing from Old Chinese 紙 (OC *kjeʔ).

Noun

𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ /kāγaδā/)

paper

Derived terms

𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼷𐼰𐼸 (kʾɣδyʾk /⁠kāγaδyāk⁠/, “of paper”)
𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰𐼸𐼳 (kʾɣδʾkh /⁠kāγaδāk⁠/, “paper”)

Descendants

→ Persian: کاغذ (kâġaz), قاغذ (qâġaz)
- Tajik: коғаз (koġaz)
- → Arabic: كاغد (kāḡad, kāḡid)
- → Abkhaz: a-қьаад (a-kʲaad)
- → Assamese: কাকত (kakot), কাগজ (kagoz)
- → Baluchi: کاگد (kágad)
- → Bengali: কাগজ (kagoj)
- → Georgian: ქაღალდი (kaɣaldi)
- → Gujarati: કાગળ (kāgaḷ)
- → Hindustani:
  - Hindi: काग़ज़ (kāġaz)
  - Urdu: کاغذ (kāġaz)
- → Kannada: ಕಾಗದ (kāgada)
- → Kurdish:
  - Northern Kurdish: kaxez
  - Central Kurdish: کاغەز (kaẍez), قاغەز (qaẍez), قاقەز (qaqez)
- → Malayalam: കടലാസ് (kaṭalāsŭ)
- → Marathi: कागद (kāgad)
- → Mingrelian: ქაღარდი (kaɣardi), ქარღადი (karɣadi)
- → Nepali: कागज (kāgaj)
- → Marwari: कागद (kāgad)
- Punjabi:
  - Punjabi: ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼ (kāġaz)
  - Punjabi: کاغَذ (kāġaẕ)
- → Sindhi: ڪاغذ (kāḡaz)
- → Svan: ქაღალთ (kaɣalt)
- → Tamil: காகிதம் (kākitam)
- → Telugu: కాగితము (kāgitamu)
→ Turkic:
- Azerbaijani: کاغیز / kağız / кағыз
- Bashkir: ҡағыҙ (qağıź)
- Crimean Tatar: kâğıt
- Karachay-Balkar: къагъыт (qağıt)
- Kazakh: қағаз (qağaz)
- Kumyk: кагъыз (kağız)
- Kyrgyz: кагаз (kagaz)
- Ottoman Turkish: كاغد (ḱāğıd), كاغذ (kâgaz)
  - Turkish: kâğıt
  - → Serbo-Croatian: ћага, ćaga
- Tatar: кәгазь (käğäz), кыйагаз (qıyağaz)
- Turkmen: kagyz
- Uyghur: قەغەز (qeghez)
- Uzbek: qogʻoz
→ Maghrebi Arabic:
- Algerian Arabic: كاغط
  - → Kabyle: lkaɣeḍ
- Libyan Arabic: كاغط (kāǧəţ)
- Moroccan Arabic: كاغط (káḡiṭ)
→ Ossetian:
- Iron Ossetian: гӕххӕ́тт (gæxxǽtt), гӕххӕт (gæxxæt)
- Digor Ossetian: гӕгъӕди (gæǧædi) (possibly via Georgian)
→ Mongolic:
- Mongolian: цаас (caas) / ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ (čaɣasu)

References

B. Gharib (2013), "Sogdian language i. Loanwords in Persian", Encyclopædia Iranica
Gharib, B. (1995), “kʾγδʾ”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 185b
Abajev, V. I. (1958), Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 517
"Kāghad" in Cl. Huart, A. Grohmann (1997), Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, volume 4: Iran-Kha, edited by C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, B. Lewis and Ch. Pellat, assisted by C. Dumont, M. Paterson and F. Th. Dijkema, M., Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, page 419b
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