𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁

Old Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš

Sanskrit सिन्धु॑ (síndhu)bor.

Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from an Old Iranian representation of Sanskrit सिन्धु॑ (síndhu, “big river, sea, ocean, Indus”);^[1] see there for further theorised descent.

Proper noun

𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š /Hiⁿduš/).^[2]^[3]^[4]

India (the Indus valley region under Achaemenid rule)

Derived terms

𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐎹 (Hiⁿduya)^[5]
𐏃𐎡𐎭𐎢𐎺 (Hiⁿdauv)^[6] (locative)

Descendants

Middle Persian: hndwk'ʾn (hndwk'ʾn /⁠hindūgān⁠/, “Hindustan”), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hndwkstʾn' /⁠hindūgestān⁠/, “Hindustan”)
- Classical Persian: هِنْد (hind), هِنْدُو (hindū), هِنْدُوسْتَان (hindūstān)
  - → Azerbaijani: hind
  - → Bashkir: һинд (hind)
  - → Bengali: হিন্দ (hindo)
  - → Hindustani:
    Hindi: हिंद (hind), हिन्द (hind)
    Urdu: ہند (hind)
  - → Odia: ହିନ୍ଦ୍ (hind)
  - → Ottoman Turkish: هند
    - > Turkish: Hint (inherited)
  - → Punjabi:
    Shahmukhi script: ہند (hind)
    Gurmukhi script: ਹਿੰਦ (hind)
  - → Uzbek: hind
  - → English: Hindu, Hindoo (dated)
    - → Hawaiian: Hinekū
  - → Assamese: হিন্দুস্তান (hindustan)
  - → Middle Bengali: হিন্দুস্তান (hindustan)
    - Bengali: হিন্দুস্তান (hindustan)
  - → Gujarati: હિંદુસ્તાન (hindustān)
  - → Hindustani:
    Hindi: हिंदुस्तान (hindustān), हिन्दुस्तान (hindustān), हिंदोस्तान (hindostān), हिन्दोस्तान (hindostān)
    Urdu: ہِنْدوسْتان (hindostān)
  - → Kashmiri:
    Devanagari script: हिन्दोस्तान (hindōstān), हिन्दुस्तान (hindustān)
    Arabic script: ہِندوستان (hindōstān), ہِندُستان (hindustān)
  - → Maithili:
    Devanagari script: हिन्दुस्तान (hindustān)
    Tirhuta script: 𑒯𑒱𑒢𑓂𑒠𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒰𑒢 (hindustāna)
  - → Marathi: हिंदुस्थान (hindusthān)
  - → Odia: ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ଥାନ (hindusthāna)
  - → Old Punjabi: ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੁ (hindusatānu)
    - Punjabi:
      Gurmukhi script: ਹਿੰਦੋਸਤਾਨ (hindostān)
      Shahmukhi script: ہِندُوستان (hindūstān)
  - → Sanskrit: हिन्दुस्थान (hindusthāna) (calque)
    - → English: Hindusthan (Hindutva)
  - → Sindhi:
    Devanagari script: हिंदुस्तानु (hindustānu)
    Arabic script: هِندُسْتانُ (hindustānu)
- → Chinese: 天竺 (Tiānzhú)
  - → Japanese: 天竺 (てんじく, Tenjiku)
  - → Korean: 천축 (Cheonchuk)
  - → Vietnamese: Thiên Trúc
- → Chinese: 印度 (Yìndù)
  - → Japanese: インド (Indo), 印度 (インド, Indo) (rare)
  - → Korean: 인도 (Indo)
  - → Vietnamese: Ấn Độ
- → Chinese: 身毒
  - → Japanese: 身毒 (しんどく, Shindoku)
→ Akkadian:
Late Babylonian: 𒅔𒁺𒌑 (in-du-ú /⁠Indū⁠/)^[1]
→ Ancient Greek: Ἰνδός (Indós), Ἰνδία (Indía)
- Greek: Ινδός (Indós)
- → English: India
  - → Bengali: ইন্ডিয়া (inḍiẏa)
  - → Gujarati: ઈન્ડિયા (īnḍiyā)
  - → Hawaiian: ʻĪnia, ʻInia
  - → Hindi: इंडिया (iṇḍiyā)
  - → Japanese: インディア
  - → Kannada: ಇಂಡಿಯಾ (iṇḍiyā)
  - → Kashmiri: इंडिया (iṃḍiyā)
  - → Korean: 인디아 (india)
  - → Malayalam: ഇന്ത്യ (intya), ഇന്റ്യ (inṟya), ഇന്ദ്യ (indya)
  - → Marathi: इंडिया (iṇḍiyā)
  - → Telugu: ఇండియా (iṇḍiyā)
  - → Yoruba: Íńdíà
- → Latin: Indus
  - Catalan: Índia
  - → Latvian: Indija
  - → Lithuanian: Indija
  - Spanish: India
  - Portuguese: Índia
  - → English: Indus
→ Egyptian:
Late Egyptian:

(hndwꜣy)^[7]^[8]^[9]
→ Elamite:
Achaemenid Elamite: 𒄭𒅔𒁺 (hi-in-du /⁠Hindu⁠/), 𒄭𒅔𒁺𒆜 (hi-in-du-iš /⁠Hinduiš⁠/), 𒄭𒁺𒆜 (hi-du-iš /⁠Hiduiš⁠/)^[1]
→ Hebrew: הודו (Hṓddū), הֹדּוּ (Hṓddū)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Tavernier, Jan (2007), Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 26
^ Old Persian: Dictionary, Glossary and Concordance by Avi Bachenheimer
^ Dna inscription of Darius I, Line 25
^ Jason Neelis, Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks, BRILL 2010 p.96
^ Titus
^ Titus
^ Posener, Georges (1936), La première domination perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, page 187
^ Jona Lendering, Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject L12, hndw3y (OP. Hinduš = India), Livius.org
^ Yar-Shater, Ehsan (1982), Encyclopaedia Iranica‎^[1], Routledge & Kegan Paul, →ISBN, page 10

[tavernier-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Tavernier, Jan (2007), Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 26

[2] Old Persian: Dictionary, Glossary and Concordance by Avi Bachenheimer

[3] Dna inscription of Darius I, Line 25

[4] Jason Neelis, Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks, BRILL 2010 p.96

[5] Titus

[6] Titus

[7] Posener, Georges (1936), La première domination perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, page 187

[8] Jona Lendering, Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject L12, hndw3y (OP. Hinduš = India), Livius.org

[EI-9] Yar-Shater, Ehsan (1982), Encyclopaedia Iranica‎^[1], Routledge & Kegan Paul, →ISBN, page 10

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