πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰

Umbrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *herjō, from Proto-Indo-European *gΚ°rΜ₯yΓ©ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gΚ°er-.

Verb

πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰ β€’ (heri) (Second-person singular future active indicative) (early Iguvine)

  1. to want, will
    • Iguvine Tablets IV.26-27:
      πŒ‰πŒπŒ–πŒŒπŒ„πŒŠ πŒ”πŒ…πŒ„πŒπŒ‰πŒ” πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰ / πŒ„πŒ†πŒ€πŒ“πŒ‰πŒ€πŒš πŒ€πŒπŒ•πŒ„πŒπŒ•πŒ–
      inumek svepis heri / ezariaf antentu
      • Translation by D. M. Jones
        Then if anyone wishes, he may place the food-baskets upon (the litter)
  2. (passive voice) to be necessary, intended
Conjugation
  • (second-person singular future) l.Ig. heries
  • (third-person singular future) l.Ig. heriest
  • (third-person singular future) l.Ig. heries
  • (third-person singular present indicative passive) e.Ig. πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ•πŒ„πŒ“ (herter)
  • (third-person singular present indicative passive) e.Ig. πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ•πŒ„ (herte)
  • (third-person singular present indicative passive) l.Ig. herti
  • (third-person singular present indicative passive) l.Ig. hertei
  • (third-person singular present subjunctive) e.Ig. πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰πŒ‰πŒ„πŒ‰ (heriiei)
  • (infinitive passive) e.Ig. πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰πŒšπŒ‰ (herifi)
  • (perfect passive participle ablative singular) l.Ig. heritu
  • (perfect passive participle ablative singular) l.Ig. hereitu
  • (perfect passive participle ablative singular) e.Ig. πŒ„πŒ“πŒ„πŒ•πŒ– (eretu)

Outside of the Iguvine tablets a perfect active participle dative singular form πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ–πŒ”πŒ„πŒ (heruseΓ­) is attested.

Usage notes
  • De Vaan categorizes the term πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰πŒ‰πŒ„πŒ‰ (heriiei) as a present form, although Buck and Poultney categorize the form as perfect.
  • De Vaan categorizes the term πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰πŒšπŒ‰ (herifi) as a passive infinitive, whereas Buck lists the term as a perfect subjunctive passive form. Poultney merely categorizes the term as perfect subjunctive passive, without specifying the number.

Etymology 2

A more specialized use of the second-person singular form of the verb πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰ (heri).[1]

Alternative forms

  • πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰πŒ” (heris)
  • heri

Conjunction

πŒ‡πŒ„πŒ“πŒ‰ β€’ (heri) (early Iguvine)

  1. either ... or

References

  1. ^ Poultney, James Wilson (1959), The Bronze Tables of Iguvium, Baltimore: American Philological Association, page 114
  • Buck, Carl Darling (1904), A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary, page 336
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008), β€œhorior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, β†’ISBN, page 289
  • Poultney, James Wilson (1959), The Bronze Tables of Iguvium, Baltimore: American Philological Association, page 309
  • D. M. Jones (1962), β€œImperative and jussive subjunctive in Umbrian”, in Glottaβ€Ž[1], volume 40, number 3/4, β†’ISSN, page 216
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