적

Sino-Korean word from 敵.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [적]

적 • (jeok) (hanja 敵)

1. enemy; opponent; adversary

   적을 얕보다 ― jeog-eul yatboda ― to underestimate one's opponent

   그 분께서는 적과의 싸움에서 한 번도 지지 않으신 명장(名將)이시다.

   Geu bun-kkeseo-neun jeok-gwa-ui ssaum-eseo han beon-do jiji aneusin myeongjan-g'isida.

   He is a famous general who has not lost a single battle against his enemies.

• See the hanja entry at 敵 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (敵, jeok).

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 적 (Yale: cèk).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [적]

적 • (jeok)

1. time, occurrence, experience (must be preceded by the adnominal suffix -은 (-eun) or -을 (-eul))

   나는 절대 그런 말을 한 적이 없다.

   Na-neun jeoldae geureon mar-eul han jeog-i eopda.

   I've never said such a thing.

   (literally, “I've never had a time where I said such a thing.”)

   중국에 가 보신 적 있으시나요?

   Junggug-e ga bosin jeok isseusinayo?

   Have you ever been to China?

   (literally, “Have you ever had an experience where you have been to China?”)

• 그저께 (geujeokke)
• 그제 (geuje)
• 이제 (ije)
• 언제 (eonje)
• 제 (je)

• 때 (ttae, “time”)

Sino-Korean word from 的.

suffix

An orthographic borrowing from Japanese 的 (-teki) (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 302); see there for more.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [적]

적 • (jeok) (hanja 的)

1. (formal) object, target

   Synonym: 대상(對象) (daesang)

   비난의 적 ― binan-ui jeok ― a target of criticism

   • 2021 April 8, “佛(불) 마크롱, 최고 엘리트국립대 '국립행정학교' 폐교 선언 예정”, in Newsis News Agency‎^[1]:

     샤를 드골 대통령이 1945년 창립했던 이 학교는 졸업한 즉시 고위 관리 및 실업계 중직으로 임용돼 프랑스 젊은이들의 선망의 적이 되었으나 현대판 귀족 계급 양성소로 폐쇄적, 배타적이고 혁신성이 결여되었다는 지적을 들어왔다.

     Syareul Deugol daetongnyeon-g'i cheon-gubaek-sasib-o-nyeon changnip-haetdeon i hakgyo-neun joreop-han jeuksi gowi gwalli mit sireop-gye jungjig-euro imyon-gdwae Peurangseu jeolmeuni-deur-ui seonman-g'ui jeog-i doeeosseuna hyeondae-pan gwijok gyegeup yangseongso-ro pyeswae-jeok, baeta-jeogigo hyeoksin-seon-g'i gyeoryeo-doeeot-daneun jijeog-eul deureo-watda.

     Founded by president Charles de Gaulle in 1945, the school, where [students] are hired as high-ranking government officials and business executives upon graduation, has been the object of envy for many young people in France; however, [it] has been criticized for being an institution that is closed, exclusive and lacking in innovation, educating a class of modern aristocrats.

• See the hanja entry at 的 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (的, jeok).

—적 • (-jeok) (hanja 的)

1. -ive, -like, -ish, -ic, -ical, -y, kind of, sort of (see usage notes)

• An extremely productive suffix, it attaches to words or roots of Sino-Korean (e.g. 애국적(愛國的) (“patriotic”)) or Western origin (e.g. 쇼비니즘적(的) (syobinijeum-jeok, “chauvinistic”)) to form nouns (for whose usage see below).
• Except when directly attributing another word (where monolingual dictionaries usually classify this as a separate 관형사(冠形詞) (gwanhyeongsa, “determiner”)), a noun formed using the suffix does not serve any function on its own and must either be used adnominally / predicatively with -이다 (-ida, “to be”, copula) or adverbially with -으로 (-euro, “as; with”, instrumental case marker). See the following examples:

애국적 행동

aeguk-jeok haengdong

A patriotic act (attributive)

애국적인 행동

aeguk-jeog-i-n haengdong

An act that is patriotic (adnominal)

행동이 애국적이다

haengdon-g'i aeguk-jeog-ida

The act is patriotic (predicative)

애국적으로 행동하다

aeguk-jeog-euro haengdon-ghada

to act patriotically (adverbial)

• Korean terms suffixed with -적 (的)

  2차적

  가상적

  가언적

  감각적

  감동적

  개인적

  객관적

  결과적

  경멸적

  경제적

  계절적

  고전적

  공식적

  공적

  공통적

  과학적

  구체적

  국제적

  궁극적

  규칙적

  극적

  근대적

  근본적

  긍정적

  기본적

  기하학적

  남성적

  냉소적

  논리적

  다방면적

  대대적

  대량적

  대폭적

  대표적

  동적

  립체적

  만성적

  매력적

  맹목적

  문화적

  미적

  민주적

  범죄적

  법적

  보편적

  본격적

  부분적

  부정적

  비교적

  비유적

  비인도적

  비판적

  사적

  사회적

  상대적

  성공적

  성적

  세계적

  수적

  습관적

  시적

  실질적

  애국적

  야만적

  여성적

  역동적

  역사적

  영웅적

  영적

  육체적

  이기적

  이상적

  인간적

  인도적

  인적

  일반적

  일시적

  자동적

  자유적

  자주적

  재정적

  적극적

  적대적

  전국적

  전문적

  전반적

  전설적

  전인민적

  전체적

  전통적

  전형적

  절대적

  정상적

  정신적

  정치적

  종교적

  종적

  지속적

  지적

  직접적

  창조적

  천부적

  초자연적

  총체적

  치명적

  통상적

  통시적

  파쑈적

  평화적

  필사적

  필수적

  학구적

  합리적

  현대적

  현실적

  호전적

  환상적

  활동적

  횡적

  효과적

Sino-Korean word from 籍.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [적]

적 • (jeok) (hanja 籍)

1. synonym of 호적(戶籍) (hojeok, “family register”)
2. membership, enrollment (in a group such as an army, school, political party, etc.)

   적을 두다 ― jeog-eul duda ― to be enrolled in... / have a membership of...

• See the hanja entry at 籍 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (籍, jeok).

Sino-Korean word from 炙.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [적]

적 • (jeok) (hanja 炙)

1. jeok (a Korean meat dish served with skewers)

• See the hanja entry at 炙 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (炙, jeok).

Sino-Korean word from 積.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [적]

적 • (jeok) (hanja 積)

1. (arithmetic) product

   Synonym: 곱 (gop)

• See the hanja entry at 積 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (積, jeok).

Sino-Korean word from 笛. Doublet of 저 (jeo).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [적]

적 • (jeok) (hanja 笛)

1. synonym of 횡적(橫笛) (hoengjeok)

• See the hanja entry at 笛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (笛, jeok).

Sino-Korean word from 赤.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [적]

적 • (jeok) (hanja 赤)

1. synonym of 적색(赤色) (jeoksaek, “red (colour)”)

• See the hanja entry at 赤 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적 (赤, jeok).

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

적 • (jeok)

• IPA^(key): /t͡sə̀k/, [t͡ɕə̀k̚]

적 (cèk) (locative 저긔〮 (cèk-úy))(dependent noun)

1. time, occurrence (must be preceded by the adnominal suffix -은 (-un) or -으ᇙ (-ulq))

• Korean: 적 (jeok)