驚怖

Chinese

		to startle; to be frightened; to be scared to startle; to be frightened; to be scared; alarm	terror; terrified; afraid terror; terrified; afraid; frightened
trad. (驚怖)		驚	怖
simp. (惊怖)		惊	怖

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngbù

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄅㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ bou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngbù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄅㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingbù
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-pu⁴
  - Yale: jīng-bù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingbuh
  - Palladius: цзинбу (czinbu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging¹ bou³
  - Yale: gīng bou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ bou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ bou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³³/

Noun

驚怖

(～卦) A combination 一上二中二下 in the Lingqijing.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
驚	怖
きょう Grade: S	ふ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょーふ [kyóꜜòfù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) きょーふ [kyòófú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːɸɯ̟]

Noun

驚(きょう)怖(ふ) • (kyōfu)

surprise and fear; terror
- 1914, 夏目漱石 [Natsume Sōseki], chapter 56, in こゝろ [Kokoro], 下先生と遺書 [Sensei's Testament]:
  私(わたくし)は妻(さい)に残酷(ざんこく)な驚怖(きょうふ)を与(あた)える事(こと)を好(この)みません。私(わたくし)は妻(さい)に血(ち)の色(いろ)を見(み)せないで死(し)ぬつもりです。
  Watakushi wa sai ni zankoku na kyōfu o ataeru koto o konomimasen. Watakushi wa sai ni chi no iro o misenaide shinu tsumori desu.
  I do not wish inflict a cruel terror on my wife. I intend to die without having her see the colour of blood.

Verb

驚(きょう)怖(ふ)する • (kyōfu suru) suru (stem 驚(きょう)怖(ふ)し (kyōfu shi), past 驚(きょう)怖(ふ)した (kyōfu shita))

to be surprised and afraid; to be terrified

Conjugation

Conjugation of "驚怖する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	驚怖し	きょうふし	kyōfu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	驚怖し	きょうふし	kyōfu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	驚怖する	きょうふする	kyōfu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	驚怖する	きょうふする	kyōfu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	驚怖すれ	きょうふすれ	kyōfu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	驚怖せよ¹ 驚怖しろ²	きょうふせよ¹ きょうふしろ²	kyōfu seyo¹ kyōfu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	驚怖される	きょうふされる	kyōfu sareru
Causative	驚怖させる驚怖さす	きょうふさせるきょうふさす	kyōfu saseru kyōfu sasu
Potential	驚怖できる	きょうふできる	kyōfu dekiru
Volitional	驚怖しよう	きょうふしよう	kyōfu shiyō
Negative	驚怖しない	きょうふしない	kyōfu shinai
Negative continuative	驚怖せず	きょうふせず	kyōfu sezu
Formal	驚怖します	きょうふします	kyōfu shimasu
Perfective	驚怖した	きょうふした	kyōfu shita
Conjunctive	驚怖して	きょうふして	kyōfu shite
Hypothetical conditional	驚怖すれば	きょうふすれば	kyōfu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Usage notes

Homophonous with the very similar in meaning and much more common 恐怖(きょうふ) (kyōfu, “fear”).

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN