飲酒

Chinese

		drink	alcoholic drink
trad. (飲酒)		飲	酒
simp. (饮酒)		饮	酒

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐnjiǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jam² zau²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngim² diu²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yím-chiú
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ím-chiú

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐnjiǔ [Phonetic: yínjiǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐnjiǒu
  - Wade–Giles: yin³-chiu³
  - Yale: yǐn-jyǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiinjeou
  - Palladius: иньцзю (inʹczju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jam² zau²
  - Yale: yám jáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jam² dzau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yem² zeo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngim² diu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡim⁵⁵ tiu⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím-chiú
  - Hakka Romanization System: im^ˋ jiu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yim³ jiu³
  - Sinological IPA: /im³¹ t͡si̯u³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím-chiú
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)im^ˋ jiu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yim³ jiu³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)im³¹ t͡si̯u³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ím-chiú
  - Tâi-lô: ím-tsiú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ymciuo
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /im⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁵³/

Middle Chinese: 'imX tsjuwX

Rime
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於錦切	子酉切
Baxter	'imX	tsjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiɪm^X/	/t͡sɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚim^X/	/t͡siu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiem^X/	/t͡siəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjim^X/	/t͡suw^X/
Li Rong	/ʔjəm^X/	/t͡siu^X/
Wang Li	/ĭĕm^X/	/t͡sĭəu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯əm^X/	/t͡si̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐn	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam²	zau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*q(r)[u]mʔ tsuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qrɯmʔ ʔsluʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐn	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔim^X ›	‹ tsjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*q(r)[u]mʔ/	/*tsuʔ/
English	drink (v.)	wine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	6625	15554
Phonetic component	今	酉
Rime group	侵	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	㱃	酒
Old Chinese	/*qrɯmʔ/	/*ʔsluʔ/
Notes	說文作酓欠

Verb

飲⫽酒 (verb-object)

(formal or dialectal) to drink alcohol
未成年飲酒／未成年饮酒 ― wèichéngnián yǐnjiǔ ― underage drinking
- 飲酒則歡樂，處喪則悲哀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  饮酒则欢乐，处丧则悲哀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Yǐnjiǔ zé huānyuè, chùsàng zé bēi'āi. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

edit

吃酒 (chījiǔ) (literary or dialectal)
啉酒 (Hakka, Hokkien)
喝酒 (hē jiǔ)
進酒 / 进酒 (jìnjiǔ)
食酒 (Hakka, Hokkien)

Related terms

酒醉 (jiǔzuì)
酗酒 (xùjiǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (飲酒):

→ Japanese: 飲酒(いんしゅ) (inshu)
→ Korean: 음주(飲酒) (eumju)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
飲	酒
いん Grade: 3	しゅ Grade: 3
kan'on	goon

Alternative spelling
飮酒 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shift from older readings onju or onshu, swapping the older goon reading of on for 飲 for the newer kan'on reading of in.

First cited to the Taiheiki from the late 1300s.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いんしゅ [ìńshú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
IPA^(key): [ĩɰ̃ɕɨ]

Noun

飲(いん)酒(しゅ) • (inshu) ^{←いんしゆ (insyu)^?}

drinking alcohol
飲(いん)酒(しゅ)運(うん)転(てん)は犯(はん)罪(ざい)です！
Inshu unten wa hanzai desu!
Drunk driving is a crime!
(literally, “Drinking alcohol and driving is a crime!”)

Verb

飲(いん)酒(しゅ)する • (inshu suru) ^{←いんしゆ (insyu)^?}intransitive suru (stem 飲(いん)酒(しゅ)し (inshu shi), past 飲(いん)酒(しゅ)した (inshu shita))

to drink (consume alcoholic beverages)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "飲酒する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	飲酒し	いんしゅし	inshu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	飲酒し	いんしゅし	inshu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	飲酒する	いんしゅする	inshu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	飲酒する	いんしゅする	inshu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	飲酒すれ	いんしゅすれ	inshu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	飲酒せよ¹ 飲酒しろ²	いんしゅせよ¹ いんしゅしろ²	inshu seyo¹ inshu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	飲酒される	いんしゅされる	inshu sareru
Causative	飲酒させる飲酒さす	いんしゅさせるいんしゅさす	inshu saseru inshu sasu
Potential	飲酒できる	いんしゅできる	inshu dekiru
Volitional	飲酒しよう	いんしゅしよう	inshu shiyō
Negative	飲酒しない	いんしゅしない	inshu shinai
Negative continuative	飲酒せず	いんしゅせず	inshu sezu
Formal	飲酒します	いんしゅします	inshu shimasu
Perfective	飲酒した	いんしゅした	inshu shita
Conjunctive	飲酒して	いんしゅして	inshu shite
Hypothetical conditional	飲酒すれば	いんしゅすれば	inshu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
飲	酒
おん Grade: 3	しゅ > じゅ Grade: 3
goon

Alternative spelling
飮酒 (kyūjitai)

The earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese 飲酒 (MC 'imX tsjuwX), using the older goon reading of on for 酒. The shu changes to ju as an instance of rendaku (連(れん)濁(だく)).

Occasionally found in older works with the unvoiced reading onshu.^[1]

First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おんじゅ [óꜜǹjù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[5]
IPA^(key): [õ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ]

Noun

飲(おん)酒(じゅ) • (onju) ^{←おんじゆ (onzyu)^?}

(archaic) drinking alcohol

Usage notes

The onju reading does not appear on its own in modern usage, but it does appear in certain compounds.

Derived terms

飲(おん)酒(じゅ)戒(かい) (onjukai): a Buddhist admonition against the drinking of alcohol

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 “飲酒”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

“飲酒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
飲	酒

Noun

飲酒 • (eumju) (hangeul 음주)

hanja form^? of 음주

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK7-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NKD2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 “飲酒”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

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