顔映し

Japanese

Kanji in this term
顔	映
かお > かわ Grade: 2	はゆ Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
顏映し (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Appears in sources from the late Heian period.

Compound of 顔 (kawo, “face”, classical reading; kao in modern Japanese) +‎ 映し (hayushi, “florid, flushed”, classical Japanese; hayui in modern Japanese, only used in compounds).^[1]^[2]

/kawo hajuɕi/ → /kawa hajuɕi/

Note that 顔 (kao) in modern Japanese was historically pronounced /kapo/, shifting to /kafo/ and then to /kawo/ by the 11th century. When combined with 映し (hayushi), the /kawo/ shifted to become /kawa/ + /hajuɕi/. This appears to be the only word where the final -o in kawo shifted to -a; this may have been influenced by the initial -a- in hayushi.

Adjective

顔(かわ)映(はゆ)し • (kawahayushi) ^{←かははゆし (kafafayusi)^?}^†-ku

(archaic) red-faced
(archaic) embarrassed, guilty of conscience
- c. 1120: Konjaku Monogatarishū 19.9
  然レドモ極テカハゝユク思エテ、此ノ事ヲ人ニ不云ズシテ耄ケ行ク程ニ

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "顔映し" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	顔映く^[1] 顔映から^[2]	かははゆくかははゆから	kafafayuku kafafayukara
Continuative (連用形)	顔映く^[1] 顔映かり^[2]	かははゆくかははゆかり	kafafayuku kafafayukari
Terminal (終止形)	顔映し	かははゆし	kafafayusi
Attributive (連体形)	顔映き顔映かる	かははゆきかははゆかる	kafafayuki kafafayukaru
Realis (已然形)	顔映けれ	かははゆけれ	kafafayukere
Imperative (命令形)	顔映かれ	かははゆかれ	kafafayukare
Key constructions
Negative	顔映からず	かははゆからず	kafafayukarazu
Contrasting conjunction	顔映けれど	かははゆけれど	kafafayukeredo
Causal conjunction	顔映ければ	かははゆければ	kafafayukereba
Conditional conjunction	顔映くば	かははゆくば	kafafayukuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	顔映かりき	かははゆかりき	kafafayukariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	顔映かりけり	かははゆかりけり	kafafayukarikeri
Adverbial	顔映く	かははゆく	kafafayuku

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Derived terms

可愛(かわゆ)い (kawayui)
可愛(かわい)い (kawaii)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Yamada, Yoshio with Tadao Yamada, Hideo Yamada, Toshio Yamada (5 March 1962) [c. 1120], Konjaku Monogatarishū (Volume 4) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[2]