鞏固

See also: 巩固

Chinese

		secure; solid	hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure
trad. (鞏固)		鞏	固
simp. (巩固)		巩	固

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǒnggù

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung² gu³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khióng-kò͘ / kióng-kò͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǒnggù
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǒnggù
  - Wade–Giles: kung³-ku⁴
  - Yale: gǔng-gù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goongguh
  - Palladius: гунгу (gungu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung² gu³
  - Yale: gúng gu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung² gu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung² gu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³⁵ kuː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khióng-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: khióng-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiofngkox
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kióng-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: kióng-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofngkox
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔ²¹/

Adjective

鞏固

(usually of abstract concepts) solid; stable; consolidated; strong

Synonyms

堅固 / 坚固 (jiāngù)
堅實 / 坚实 (jiānshí)
堅硬 / 坚硬 (jiānyìng)
扎實
深厚 (shēnhòu) (figurative, of foundations)
牢 (láo)
牢固 (láogù)
牢牢 (láoláo)
牢靠 (láokào)
瓷 (cí)
穩固 / 稳固 (wěngù)
結實 / 结实
緊實 / 紧实 (jǐnshí)
鞏 / 巩 (gǒng) (literary, or in compounds)

Verb

鞏固

to consolidate; to strengthen; to solidify
為了鞏固學過的知識，你們一定要多做練習。 [MSC, trad.]
为了巩固学过的知识，你们一定要多做练习。 [MSC, simp.]
Wèile gǒnggù xué guò de zhīshí, nǐmen yīdìng yào duō zuò liànxí. [Pinyin]
You should all do more revision to consolidate what you've learnt.

Usage notes

This term is often used with abstract concepts like defense, foundation, knowledge, power, etc.

Synonyms

充實 / 充实 (chōngshí)
加固 (jiāgù)
加強 / 加强 (jiāqiáng)
堅定 / 坚定 (jiāndìng)
增強 / 增强 (zēngqiáng)
壯 / 壮
壯大 / 壮大 (zhuàngdà)
強化 / 强化 (qiánghuà)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鞏	固
きょう Hyōgai	こ Grade: 4
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 鞏固 – see the following entry.

【強固きょうこ】

[adjective] firm, strong

[adjective] stable, secure

[noun] firmness, strength

[noun] stability, security

(This term, 鞏固, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.)