離る
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 離 |
| さか Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sa̠ka̠ɾɯ̟]
Verb
離る • (sakaru) intransitive †yodan
- (obsolete) to separate, depart, become distant from
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 131:, text here
- 弥遠尓里者放奴 [Man'yōgana]
- いや遠に里は離りぬ [Modern spelling]
- iya tō ni sato wa sakarinu
- Ever further into the distance, my home receded
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3688:, text here
- 等保能久尓伊麻太毛都可受也麻等乎毛登保久左可里弖伊波我祢乃安良伎之麻祢尓夜杼理須流君 [Man'yōgana]
- 遠の国いまだも着かず大和をも遠く離りて岩が根の荒き島根に宿りする君 [Modern spelling]
- tō no kuni imada mo tsukazu yamato o mo tōku sakarite iwa ga ne no araki shimane ni yadori suru kimi
- Still not reaching the distant land, while separated far away from Yamato, you lie on a rough isle of large rocks.
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 離ら | さから | sakara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 離り | さかり | sakari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 離る | さかる | sakaru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 離る | さかる | sakaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 離れ | さかれ | sakare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 離れ | さかれ | sakare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 離らず | さからず | sakarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 離れど | さかれど | sakaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 離れば | さかれば | sakareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 離らば | さからば | sakaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 離りき | さかりき | sakariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 離りけり | さかりけり | sakarikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 離りつ | さかりつ | sakaritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 離りぬ | さかりぬ | sakarinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 離れり 離りたり |
さかれり さかりたり |
sakareri sakaritari |
| Volitional | 離らむ | さからむ | sakaramu |
Derived terms
- とおざかる (tōzakaru)
- 鄙離る (hisasakaru)
- 天離る (amasakaru)
- 魂離る (tamasakaru)
- 掛離る (kakesakaru)
- 病離る (yamisakaru)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 離 |
| はな Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Verb
離る • (hanaru) †nidan
- Classical Japanese form of 離れる (hanareru)
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 離れ | はなれ | fanare |
| Continuative (連用形) | 離れ | はなれ | fanare |
| Terminal (終止形) | 離る | はなる | fanaru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 離るる | はなるる | fanaruru |
| Realis (已然形) | 離るれ | はなるれ | fanarure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 離れよ | はなれよ | fanareyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 離れず | はなれず | fanarezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 離るれど | はなるれど | fanaruredo |
| Causal conjunction | 離るれば | はなるれば | fanarureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 離れば | はなれば | fanareba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 離れき | はなれき | fanareki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 離れけり | はなれけり | fanarekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 離れつ | はなれつ | fanaretu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 離れぬ | はなれぬ | fanarenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 離れたり | はなれたり | fanaretari |
| Volitional | 離れむ | はなれむ | fanaremu |
Related terms
- 離す (hanasu)