宿る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
宿
やど Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Compound of 屋(や) (ya, “house; roof”) + 取(と)る (toru, “to take”). The toru changes to doru as an instance of rendaku (連(れん)濁(だく)). First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.^[1]

A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from 宿(やど) (yado, “inn, hotel, lodging”). However, the Old Japanese spelling using man'yōgana was ⟨yado₂ru⟩, consistent with the compound derivation above. Meanwhile, the noun 宿(やど) (yado) was spelled ⟨yado₁, consistent with a derivation from 屋(や) (ya, “house; roof”) + 戸(と) (to, “door”, by extension, “house”).^[2] Consequently, aside from the initial 屋(や) (ya) in both terms, yadoru and yado are not actually directly related to each other.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) やどる [yàdóꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3]
IPA^(key): [ja̠do̞ɾɯ̟]

Verb

宿(やど)る • (yadoru) intransitive godan (stem 宿(やど)り (yadori), past 宿(やど)った (yadotta))

Japanese verb pair
active	宿す
mediopassive	宿る

to take shelter [from 720 CE]
- 1941, Kyōka Izumi, Numa Fujin [Swamp Woman]‎^[3]:
  
  小(こ)松(まつ)原(ばら)は、旅(りょ)行(こう)中(ちゅう)、夏(なつ)の一(ひと)夜(よ)を、知(ちか)己(づき)の医(い)学(がく)士(し)の家(いえ)に宿(やど)ったのであった。
  Komatsubara wa, ryokō-chū, natsu no hitoyo o, chikazuki no igakushi no ie ni yadotta no de atta.
  One summer night on his journey, Komatsubara stayed in the house of a doctor friend of his.
(figuratively) to be located at; to dwell [from 759 CE]
言(こと)葉(ば)に宿(やど)るパワー ― kotoba ni yadoru pawā ― the power (vested) in words

草(くさ)葉(ば)に宿(やど)る露(つゆ) ― kusaba ni yadoru tsuyu ― the dew among the grass

不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な力(ちから)が宿(やど)る ― fushigi na chikara ga yadoru ― a mysterious power dwells

神(かみ)は細(さい)部(ぶ)に宿(やど)る ― kami wa saibu ni yadoru ― God is in the detail
(of an unborn child) to be in the mother [from 1250]
赤(あか)ちゃんがお腹(なか)に宿(やど)る
akachan ga onaka ni yadoru
to be pregnant
(literally, “a child is in the belly”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "宿る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	宿ら	やどら	yadora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	宿り	やどり	yadori
Shūshikei ("terminal")	宿る	やどる	yadoru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	宿る	やどる	yadoru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	宿れ	やどれ	yadore
Meireikei ("imperative")	宿れ	やどれ	yadore
Key constructions
Passive	宿られる	やどられる	yadorareru
Causative	宿らせる宿らす	やどらせるやどらす	yadoraseru yadorasu
Potential	宿れる	やどれる	yadoreru
Volitional	宿ろう	やどろう	yadorō
Negative	宿らない	やどらない	yadoranai
Negative continuative	宿らず	やどらず	yadorazu
Formal	宿ります	やどります	yadorimasu
Perfective	宿った	やどった	yadotta
Conjunctive	宿って	やどって	yadotte
Hypothetical conditional	宿れば	やどれば	yadoreba

Derived terms

雨(あま)宿(やど)り (amayadori)
正(しょう)直(じき)の頭(こうべ)に神(かみ)宿(やど)る (shōjiki no kōbe ni kami yadoru)

References

^ “宿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “宿・屋戸・屋外”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“宿る”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[KDJ2-1] “宿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[2] “宿・屋戸・屋外”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

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