降下

Chinese

		to drop; to fall; to come down to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender	under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
trad. (降下)		降	下
simp. ^#(降下)		降	下
anagram		下降

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàngxià

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong³ haa⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kong-hâ

(Hailu, HRS): gong^ˇ ha^ˋ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kàng-hā

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngxià
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngsià
  - Wade–Giles: chiang⁴-hsia⁴
  - Yale: jyàng-syà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqshiah
  - Palladius: цзянся (czjansja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong³ haa⁶
  - Yale: gong hah
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong³ haa⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong³ ha⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³³ haː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kong-hâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong ha^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gong⁴ ha¹
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ⁵⁵ ha²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong^ˇ ha^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ¹¹ ha⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng-hā
  - Tâi-lô: kàng-hā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karngha
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ha²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ha⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ha²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ha³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ha³³/

Verb

降下

to fall; to descend; to drop

Japanese

Kanji in this term
降	下
こう Grade: 6	か Grade: 1
on'yomi

Etymology

/kauka/ → /kɔːka/ → /koːka/.

Noun

降(こう)下(か) • (kōka) ^{←かうか (kauka)^?}

descent

Interjection

降(こう)下(か) • (kōka)

jump! (command when parachuting)

Verb

降(こう)下(か)する • (kōka suru) suru (stem 降(こう)下(か)し (kōka shi), past 降(こう)下(か)した (kōka shita))

to fall, to descend
to drop, especially for the temperature to drop

Conjugation

Conjugation of "降下する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	降下し	こうかし	kōka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	降下し	こうかし	kōka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	降下する	こうかする	kōka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	降下する	こうかする	kōka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	降下すれ	こうかすれ	kōka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	降下せよ¹ 降下しろ²	こうかせよ¹ こうかしろ²	kōka seyo¹ kōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	降下される	こうかされる	kōka sareru
Causative	降下させる降下さす	こうかさせるこうかさす	kōka saseru kōka sasu
Potential	降下できる	こうかできる	kōka dekiru
Volitional	降下しよう	こうかしよう	kōka shiyō
Negative	降下しない	こうかしない	kōka shinai
Negative continuative	降下せず	こうかせず	kōka sezu
Formal	降下します	こうかします	kōka shimasu
Perfective	降下した	こうかした	kōka shita
Conjunctive	降下して	こうかして	kōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	降下すれば	こうかすれば	kōka sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“降下”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026