開墾
See also: 开垦
Chinese
| open; operate (vehicle); start | reclaim (land) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (開墾) | 開 | 墾 | |
| simp. (开垦) | 开 | 垦 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi1 han2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khôi-khién
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khai-khún / khui-khún
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kāikěn
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄎㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kaikěn
- Wade–Giles: kʻai1-kʻên3
- Yale: kāi-kěn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaikeen
- Palladius: кайкэнь (kajkɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hoi1 han2
- Yale: hōi hán
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi1 han2
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi1 hen2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hɐn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi-khién
- Hakka Romanization System: koiˊ kienˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: koi1 kian3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴ kʰi̯en³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-khún
- Tâi-lô: khai-khún
- Phofsit Daibuun: qai'quon
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰun⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰun⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² kʰun⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khui-khún
- Tâi-lô: khui-khún
- Phofsit Daibuun: qui'quon
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui³³ kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² kʰun⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
開墾
See also
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 開 | 墾 |
| かい Grade: 3 |
こん Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
開墾 • (kaikon)
- cultivating new land; clearing; reclamation
Verb
開墾する • (kaikon suru) suru (stem 開墾し (kaikon shi), past 開墾した (kaikon shita))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 開墾し | かいこんし | kaikon shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 開墾し | かいこんし | kaikon shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 開墾する | かいこんする | kaikon suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 開墾する | かいこんする | kaikon suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 開墾すれ | かいこんすれ | kaikon sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 開墾せよ¹ 開墾しろ² |
かいこんせよ¹ かいこんしろ² |
kaikon seyo¹ kaikon shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 開墾される | かいこんされる | kaikon sareru |
| Causative | 開墾させる 開墾さす |
かいこんさせる かいこんさす |
kaikon saseru kaikon sasu |
| Potential | 開墾できる | かいこんできる | kaikon dekiru |
| Volitional | 開墾しよう | かいこんしよう | kaikon shiyō |
| Negative | 開墾しない | かいこんしない | kaikon shinai |
| Negative continuative | 開墾せず | かいこんせず | kaikon sezu |
| Formal | 開墾します | かいこんします | kaikon shimasu |
| Perfective | 開墾した | かいこんした | kaikon shita |
| Conjunctive | 開墾して | かいこんして | kaikon shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 開墾すれば | かいこんすれば | kaikon sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “開墾”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026