銜

See also: 衔

銜	U+929C, 銜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-929C

← 銛
[U+929B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

銝 →
[U+929D]

Translingual

Han character

銜 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹人金一弓 (HOCMN), four-corner 2110₉, composition ⿲彳釒亍)

Derived characters

㘅, 䲗, 䕔, 𦌫

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1305, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40390
Dae Jaweon: page 1807, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 840, character 15
Unihan data for U+929C

Chinese

trad.		銜
simp.		衔
alternative forms		䘖衘啣㘅𠼫䘖衘啣㘅𠼫㗸𠷢𠾑𭊷咁嗛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 銜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraːm): semantic 行 + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xián (xian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han² / xian²

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xián

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xién
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): haam⁴ / ham⁴

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): haang⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hem³
Gan (Wiktionary): han²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hàm

(Hailu, HRS): ham

(Meixian, Guangdong): ham²
Jin (Wiktionary): xie¹
Northern Min (KCR): ǎng
Eastern Min (BUC): hàng / gàng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gor² / gornn² / hang²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khâⁿ / hâⁿ / hâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): gan⁵ / ham⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ga⁵ / ham⁵
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): haam⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ghe / ²ghe / ²ghae / ²ghaen / ²ghei / ⁶nge / ²nge / ²ngae / ²ngaen / ²ye / ²yen
- (Jinhua): ²ga; ²a; ²zhian; ²ian
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sián
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Yale: syán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: han² / xian²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan / xian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan²¹/, /ɕiɛn²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: xián
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiã²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: xién
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xien²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiẽ²⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: haam⁴ / ham⁴
  - Yale: hàahm / hàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴ / ham⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁴ / hem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm²¹/, /hɐm²¹/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: haang⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hem²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: han²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /han²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ham^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ham²
  - Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ham
  - Sinological IPA: /ham⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ham²
  - Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hàng / gàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ⁵³/, /kaŋ⁵³/

Note:

hàng - vernacular;
gàng - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gor²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gó̤ⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒ¹³/
- (Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gornn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒ̃¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gornn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒ̃²⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: háng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²⁴/

Note:

gor2/gornn2 - vernacular;
hang2 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvaa
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰã²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kʰã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvaa
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hã²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
  - Tâi-lô: hâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haam
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ham²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/

Note:

khâⁿ/hâⁿ - vernacular;
hâm - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gan⁵ / ham⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kâⁿ / hâm
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã⁵⁵/, /ham⁵⁵/

Note:

gan5 - vernacular;
ham5 - literary.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: ga⁵ / ham⁵
- Sinological IPA: /ka²²/, /ham²²/

Note:

ga5 - vernacular;
ham5 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: haam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghe
  - MiniDict: ghe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦe²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²ghe
  - MiniDict: ghe^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦe²²³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²ghae
  - MiniDict: ghae^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɦe³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɦɛ³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /hɦæ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /ɦɛ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦɛ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦɛ³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦɛ³¹³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou, Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ²ghaen
  - MiniDict: ghaen^平
  - MiniDict: ghaeon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦẽ̞²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦæ̃²³¹/
- (Northern: Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ²ghei
  - MiniDict: ghei^平
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦɐɪ³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɦai²²/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶nge
  - MiniDict: nge^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nge
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋe²³/
- (Northern: Songjiang, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²nge
  - MiniDict: nge^平
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ŋe³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ŋe²²³/
- (Northern: Chongming, Changzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ²ngae
  - MiniDict: ngae^平
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦŋæ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ŋɛ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ŋɛ³¹³/
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ²ngaen
  - MiniDict: ngaeon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ŋæ̃²³¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu: ²ye
  - MiniDict: yie^平
  - MiniDict: ye^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦɪ²²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /ɦɪ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦɪ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦie³¹/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²yen
  - MiniDict: yen^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦiẽ̞²³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ²ga; ²a; ²zhian; ²ian
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ɡɑ³¹³/, /ɑ³¹³/, /ʑiã³¹³/, /iã³¹³/

Note:

ghe/ghae/ghaen/ga - vernacular (“to hold in the mouth”);
nge/ngae/ngaen/a - vernacular (“rank”);
ye/zhian/ian - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: han²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 銜
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/ /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/ 頭～ /xan²¹³/ ～冤
	Chengdu	/xan³¹/ /ɕian³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/ /xan²¹/ 老
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕien²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦe²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦẽ̞²¹³/ /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/kɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xan¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦan¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/han²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/ham¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ham²¹/
	Nanning	/ham²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ham²¹/ /hɐm²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ham³⁵/ /kã³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kaŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/aŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ham⁵⁵/ /kã⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ham³¹/ /ka³¹/

Middle Chinese: haem

Rime
Character	銜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸監切
Baxter	haem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠam/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚam/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣam/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨm/
Li Rong	/ɣam/
Wang Li	/ɣam/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣam/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤr[a]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	銜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hæm ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁr[a]m/
English	a bit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	銜
Reading #	1/1
No.	13534
Phonetic component	銜
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	銜
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːm/
Notes	當爲從金行聲

Definitions

銜

to hold in the mouth
to harbor (hold in one's thoughts)
to connect
銜接／衔接 ― xiánjiē ― to join together; to combine; to link up
rank; title
軍銜／军衔 ― jūnxián ― military rank
(literary, or in compounds) to accept
(literary, or in compounds) bit (of a horse)

Synonyms

(to connect):

edit

交合 (jiāohé)
交接 (jiāojiē)
嬋媛 / 婵媛 (chányuán) (literary)
拼 (pīn)
接 (jiē)
接連 / 接连 (jiēlián)
相接 (xiāngjiē)
相連 / 相连 (xiānglián)
續 / 续 (xù)
連 / 连
連接 / 连接 (liánjiē)
銜接 / 衔接 (xiánjiē)

(to accept):

edit

受
受容 (shòuróng) (literary)
吸收 (xīshōu)
吸納 / 吸纳 (xīnà)
容受 (róngshòu)
容納 / 容纳 (róngnà)
承受 (chéngshòu)
承領 / 承领 (Hakka)
接受 (jiēshòu)
接納 / 接纳 (jiēnà)
收受 (shōushòu)
領受 / 领受 (lǐngshòu)

Compounds

全銜 / 全衔
冰銜 / 冰衔
前銜 / 前衔
加銜 / 加衔
勒銜 / 勒衔
名銜 / 名衔 (míngxián)
大銜 / 大衔
官銜 / 官衔 (guānxián)
官銜牌 / 官衔牌
宮銜 / 宫衔
授銜 / 授衔
撙銜 / 撙衔
日已銜山 / 日已衔山
會銜 / 会衔
枯魚銜索 / 枯鱼衔索
榮銜 / 荣衔
燕子銜食 / 燕子衔食
結草銜環 / 结草衔环 (jiécǎo xiánhuán)
職銜 / 职衔 (zhíxián)
臺銜 / 台衔
虛銜 / 虚衔
詭銜竊轡 / 诡衔窃辔
負屈銜冤 / 负屈衔冤
赤銜 / 赤衔
軍銜 / 军衔 (jūnxián)
轡銜 / 辔衔
連銜 / 连衔
鉗馬銜枚 / 钳马衔枚
銜冤 / 衔冤 (xiányuān)
銜冤負屈 / 衔冤负屈
銜勒 / 衔勒
銜名 / 衔名
銜命 / 衔命 (xiánmìng)
銜哀致誠 / 衔哀致诚
銜尾 / 衔尾
銜尾相隨 / 衔尾相随
銜恨 / 衔恨 (xiánhèn)
銜恤 / 衔恤
銜恨蒙枉 / 衔恨蒙枉
銜悲茹恨 / 衔悲茹恨
銜接 / 衔接 (xiánjiē)
銜枚 / 衔枚
銜杯 / 衔杯
銜橛之變 / 衔橛之变
銜泣 / 衔泣
銜環 / 衔环 (xiánhuán)
銜璧 / 衔璧
銜環結草 / 衔环结草
銜石填海 / 衔石填海
銜結 / 衔结
銜缺相當 / 衔缺相当
銜羞 / 衔羞
銜聲茹氣 / 衔声茹气
銜華佩實 / 衔华佩实
銜觴 / 衔觞
銜轡 / 衔辔
鏑銜 / 镝衔
面縛銜璧 / 面缚衔璧
領銜 / 领衔 (lǐngxián)
頭銜 / 头衔 (tóuxián)
馬銜 / 马衔 (mǎxián)
黃雀銜環 / 黄雀衔环

References

“銜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “衔”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 197.

Japanese

Kanji

銜

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kan’yō-on: がん (gan)
Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa)、ふくむ (fukumu)

References

“^▲銜”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

銜 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

銜: Hán Nôm readings: hàm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.