重複

See also: 重复

Chinese

		heavy; serious; to double heavy; serious; to double; to repeat; repetition; iteration; again; a layer	repeat, double, overlap
trad. (重複/重覆)		重	複/覆
simp. (重复^*)		重	复

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chóngfù

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴ fuk¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhiùng-fu̍k

(Hailu, HRS): ciung fug^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiông-hok / tiông-ho̍k / tiōng-ho̍k / têng-hok

(Teochew, Peng'im): dêng⁵ hog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chóngfù
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chóngfù
  - Wade–Giles: chʻung²-fu⁴
  - Yale: chúng-fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chorngfuh
  - Palladius: чунфу (čunfu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ fu⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    重復 / 重复
    重複 / 重复
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cung⁴ fuk¹
  - Yale: chùhng fūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴ fuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴ fug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ fʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng-fu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiung^ˇ fug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiung² fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ fuk̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ciung fug^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiuŋ⁵⁵ fuk²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiông-hok
  - Tâi-lô: tiông-hok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dionghog
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiông-ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tiông-ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dionghok
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹² hɔk̚⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiōng-ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tiōng-ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dioxnghok
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: têng-hok
  - Tâi-lô: tîng-hok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: denghog
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dêng⁵ hog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: têng ho̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /teŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚⁴/

Verb

重複

to recur; to repeat (itself)
to repeat (something); to duplicate
- 1996, Forbidden City Cop:
  
  為咗令大家能夠睇真吓，我哋將會一連五晚不斷重複重複又重複成個解剖過程，務求令到大家能夠重複重複又重複噉去睇真啲㗎啫。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  为咗令大家能够睇真吓，我哋将会一连五晚不断重复重复又重复成个解剖过程，务求令到大家能够重复重复又重复噉去睇真啲㗎啫。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  wai⁶ zo² ling⁶ daai⁶ gaa¹ nang⁴ gau³ tai² zan¹ haa², ngo⁵ dei⁶ zoeng¹ wui⁵ jat¹ lin⁴ ng⁵ maan⁵ bat¹ tyun⁵ cung⁴ fuk¹ cung⁴ fuk¹ jau⁶ cung⁴ fuk¹ seng⁴ go³ gaai² pau² gwo³ cing⁴, mou⁶ kau⁴ ling⁶ dou^3-2 daai⁶ gaa¹ nang⁴ gau³ cung⁴ fuk¹ cung⁴ fuk¹ jau⁶ cung⁴ fuk¹ gam² heoi³ tai² zan¹ di¹ ga³ ze¹. [Jyutping]
  To allow everyone to be able to have a closer look, we will repeat, repeat, and repeat the entire dissection process for five consecutive nights, so as to ensure everyone can repeatedly, repeatedly, and repeatedly examine it more closely.

Synonyms

(to recur): 反覆 (fǎnfù)
(to repeat): 疊／叠 (dié)

Derived terms

重複使力傷害 / 重复使力伤害 (chóngfù shǐlì shānghài)
重複性 / 重复性 (chóngfùxìng)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
重	複
ちょう Grade: 3	ふく Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちょーふく [chòófúkú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːɸɯ̟kɯ̟]

Noun

重(ちょう)複(ふく) • (chōfuku)

duplication

Verb

重(ちょう)複(ふく)する • (chōfuku suru) suru (stem 重(ちょう)複(ふく)し (chōfuku shi), past 重(ちょう)複(ふく)した (chōfuku shita))

duplicate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "重複する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	重複し	ちょうふくし	chōfuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	重複し	ちょうふくし	chōfuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	重複する	ちょうふくする	chōfuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	重複する	ちょうふくする	chōfuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	重複すれ	ちょうふくすれ	chōfuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	重複せよ¹ 重複しろ²	ちょうふくせよ¹ ちょうふくしろ²	chōfuku seyo¹ chōfuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	重複される	ちょうふくされる	chōfuku sareru
Causative	重複させる重複さす	ちょうふくさせるちょうふくさす	chōfuku saseru chōfuku sasu
Potential	重複できる	ちょうふくできる	chōfuku dekiru
Volitional	重複しよう	ちょうふくしよう	chōfuku shiyō
Negative	重複しない	ちょうふくしない	chōfuku shinai
Negative continuative	重複せず	ちょうふくせず	chōfuku sezu
Formal	重複します	ちょうふくします	chōfuku shimasu
Perfective	重複した	ちょうふくした	chōfuku shita
Conjunctive	重複して	ちょうふくして	chōfuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	重複すれば	ちょうふくすれば	chōfuku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
重	複
じゅう Grade: 3	ふく Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じゅうふく [jùúfúkú] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨːɸɯ̟kɯ̟]

Noun

重(じゅう)複(ふく) • (jūfuku)

duplication

Verb

重(じゅう)複(ふく)する • (jūfuku suru) suru (stem 重(じゅう)複(ふく)し (jūfuku shi), past 重(じゅう)複(ふく)した (jūfuku shita))

duplicate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "重複する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	重複し	じゅうふくし	jūfuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	重複し	じゅうふくし	jūfuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	重複する	じゅうふくする	jūfuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	重複する	じゅうふくする	jūfuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	重複すれ	じゅうふくすれ	jūfuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	重複せよ¹ 重複しろ²	じゅうふくせよ¹ じゅうふくしろ²	jūfuku seyo¹ jūfuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	重複される	じゅうふくされる	jūfuku sareru
Causative	重複させる重複さす	じゅうふくさせるじゅうふくさす	jūfuku saseru jūfuku sasu
Potential	重複できる	じゅうふくできる	jūfuku dekiru
Volitional	重複しよう	じゅうふくしよう	jūfuku shiyō
Negative	重複しない	じゅうふくしない	jūfuku shinai
Negative continuative	重複せず	じゅうふくせず	jūfuku sezu
Formal	重複します	じゅうふくします	jūfuku shimasu
Perfective	重複した	じゅうふくした	jūfuku shita
Conjunctive	重複して	じゅうふくして	jūfuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	重複すれば	じゅうふくすれば	jūfuku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“重複”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026