酔う

Japanese

Kanji in this term
酔
よ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
醉う (kyūjitai)

Etymology 1

/wepu/ → /wefu/ → /jefu/ → */jewu/ → */jowu/ → /jou/

Shift from classical verb 酔ふ (efu → eu), possibly parsed as jefu, itself from Old Japanese 酔ふ (wepu → wefu → eu).[1][2]

Compare the development of 葉 (efu → yō, “leaf”, on-yomi or Chinese-derived reading).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 酔う
Plain 酔う よう [yóꜜù]
Conjunctive 酔って よって [yóꜜttè]
Perfective 酔った よった [yóꜜttà]
Negative 酔わない よわない [yòwáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 酔わなかった よわなかった [yòwáꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 酔えば よえば [yóꜜèbà]
Past conditional 酔ったら よったら [yóꜜttàrà]
Imperative 酔え よえ [yóꜜè]
Volitional 酔おう よおー [yòóꜜò]
Desiderative 酔いたい よいたい [yòítáꜜì]
Formal 酔います よいます [yòímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 酔いません よいません [yòímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 酔いましょう よいましょー [yòímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 酔いました よいました [yòímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 酔い
酔いに 		よい
よいに 		[yóꜜì]
[yóꜜì nì]
Negative continuative 酔わず
酔わずに 		よわず
よわずに 		[yòwáꜜzù]
[yòwáꜜzù nì]
Passive 酔われる よわれる [yòwáréꜜrù]
Causative 酔わせる
酔わす 		よわせる
よわす 		[yòwáséꜜrù]
[yòwáꜜsù]
Potential 酔える よえる [yòéꜜrù]

Verb

酔(よ)う • (you) ←よふ (yofu)?intransitive godan (stem 酔(よ)い (yoi), past 酔(よ)った (yotta))

  1. to get drunk, become intoxicated or inebriated, fall under the influence of alcohol
    Synonyms: 酩酊する (meitei suru), 酔いが回る (yoi ga mawaru), 酔っ払う (yopparau)
    酒(さけ)に酔(よ)って暴(あば)れる
    sake ni yotte abareru
    to get drunk and become violent
  2. (figuratively) to become drunk or intoxicated (exhilarated) by something
    夜(や)景(けい)に酔(よ)う
    yakei ni you
    to get lost in the night scene
  3. to get motion sickness (as in carsick, airsick, seasick, etc.)
    乗(の)り物(もの)に酔(よ)う
    norimono ni you
    to get motion-sick on a vehicle
  4. to get addicted
    Synonym: 中毒する (chūdoku suru)
  5. (archaic) to get poisoned (from eating meat or fish)
    Synonym: 中毒する (chūdoku suru)
  6. (archaic) to get distracted by charm
Conjugation
Conjugation of "酔う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 酔わ よわ yowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 酔い よい yoi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 酔う よう you
Rentaikei ("attributive") 酔う よう you
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 酔え よえ yoe
Meireikei ("imperative") 酔え よえ yoe
Key constructions
Passive 酔われる よわれる yowareru
Causative 酔わせる
酔わす 		よわせる
よわす 		yowaseru
yowasu
Potential 酔える よえる yoeru
Volitional 酔おう よおう yoō
Negative 酔わない よわない yowanai
Negative continuative 酔わず よわず yowazu
Formal 酔います よいます yoimasu
Perfective 酔った よった yotta
Conjunctive 酔って よって yotte
Hypothetical conditional 酔えば よえば yoeba
Derived terms
  • 酔(よ)い (yoi)
  • 酔(よ)い狂(ぐる)い (yoigurui)
  • 酔(よ)い醒(ざ)まし (yoizamashi)
  • 酔(よ)い醒(ざ)め, 酔(よ)い覚(ざ)め (yoizame)
  • 酔(よ)い痴(し)れる (yoishireru)
  • 酔(よ)い倒(だお)れ (yoidaore)
  • 酔(よ)いたんぼ (yoitanbo)
  • 酔(よ)い潰(つぶ)す (yoitsubusu)
  • 酔(よ)い止(ど)め (yoidome)
  • 酔(よ)っ払(ぱら)う (yopparau)
Proverbs
  • 酒(さけ)の酔(よ)い本性(ほんしょう)違(たが)わず (sake no yoi honshō tagawazu)
  • 酒(さけ)の酔(よ)い本性(ほんしょう)忘(わす)れず (sake no yoi honshō wasurezu)

See also

  • 酒(さけ) (sake): alcoholic beverage
  • 深酒(ふかざけ) (fukazake)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酔
え
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
醉う (kyūjitai)

Regular development of wepu. In the colloquial language, wepu developed into you, so eu is now only used in reading ancient texts.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [e̞ɯ̟]

Verb

酔(え)う • (eu) ←ゑふ (wefu)?intransitive godan (stem 酔(え)い (ei), past 酔(え)った (etta))

  1. synonym of 酔う (you, “to get drunk”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "酔う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 酔わ えわ ewa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 酔い えい ei
Shūshikei ("terminal") 酔う えう eu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 酔う えう eu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 酔え ええ ee
Meireikei ("imperative") 酔え ええ ee
Key constructions
Passive 酔われる えわれる ewareru
Causative 酔わせる
酔わす 		えわせる
えわす 		ewaseru
ewasu
Potential 酔える ええる eeru
Volitional 酔おう えおう eō
Negative 酔わない えわない ewanai
Negative continuative 酔わず えわず ewazu
Formal 酔います えいます eimasu
Perfective 酔った えった etta
Conjunctive 酔って えって ette
Hypothetical conditional 酔えば ええば eeba
Classical conjugation of "酔ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 酔は ゑは wefa
Continuative (連用形) 酔ひ ゑひ wefi
Terminal (終止形) 酔ふ ゑふ wefu
Attributive (連体形) 酔ふ ゑふ wefu
Realis (已然形) 酔へ ゑへ wefe
Imperative (命令形) 酔へ ゑへ wefe
Key constructions
Negative 酔はず ゑはず wefazu
Contrasting conjunction 酔へど ゑへど wefedo
Causal conjunction 酔へば ゑへば wefeba
Conditional conjunction 酔はば ゑはば wefaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 酔ひき ゑひき wefiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 酔ひけり ゑひけり wefikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 酔ひつ ゑひつ wefitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 酔ひぬ ゑひぬ wefinu
Perfect-continuative tense 酔へり
酔ひたり		 ゑへり
ゑひたり		 weferi
wefitari
Volitional 酔はむ ゑはむ wefamu

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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