通勤

Chinese

		go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open	diligent; frequent
trad. (通勤)		通	勤
simp. ^#(通勤)		通	勤

Etymology

Wasei kango (和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)語(ご)), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 通(つう)勤(きん) (tsūkin, “commute to work”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tōngqín

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥㄑㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung¹ kan⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tōngqín
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥㄑㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tongcín
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung¹-chʻin²
  - Yale: tūng-chín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongchyn
  - Palladius: тунцинь (tuncinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung¹ kan⁴
  - Yale: tūng kàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung¹ kan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung¹ ken⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐn²¹/

Verb

通勤

to commute (to regularly travel to and from work, school etc.)

Synonyms

(Taiwan) 通車／通车 (tōngchē)

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
通	勤
つう Grade: 2	きん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
通勤 (kyūjitai)

Coined after 通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”) and 勤(つと)め (tsutome) or 勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”). Kanji shifted to on'yomi in the compound.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つうきん [tsùúkíń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨːkʲĩɴ]

Noun

通(つう)勤(きん) • (tsūkin)

commuting to work

Verb

通(つう)勤(きん)する • (tsūkin suru) intransitive suru (stem 通(つう)勤(きん)し (tsūkin shi), past 通(つう)勤(きん)した (tsūkin shita))

commute to work, go to work

Conjugation

Conjugation of "通勤する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	通勤し	つうきんし	tsūkin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	通勤し	つうきんし	tsūkin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	通勤する	つうきんする	tsūkin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	通勤する	つうきんする	tsūkin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	通勤すれ	つうきんすれ	tsūkin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	通勤せよ¹ 通勤しろ²	つうきんせよ¹ つうきんしろ²	tsūkin seyo¹ tsūkin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	通勤される	つうきんされる	tsūkin sareru
Causative	通勤させる通勤さす	つうきんさせるつうきんさす	tsūkin saseru tsūkin sasu
Potential	通勤できる	つうきんできる	tsūkin dekiru
Volitional	通勤しよう	つうきんしよう	tsūkin shiyō
Negative	通勤しない	つうきんしない	tsūkin shinai
Negative continuative	通勤せず	つうきんせず	tsūkin sezu
Formal	通勤します	つうきんします	tsūkin shimasu
Perfective	通勤した	つうきんした	tsūkin shita
Conjunctive	通勤して	つうきんして	tsūkin shite
Hypothetical conditional	通勤すれば	つうきんすれば	tsūkin sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“通勤”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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