轔轔

Chinese

		rumbling of wheels	rumbling of wheels
trad. (轔轔)		轔	轔
simp. (辚辚)		辚	辚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): línlín

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): leon⁴ leon⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: línlín
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: línlín
  - Wade–Giles: lin²-lin²
  - Yale: lín-lín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linlin
  - Palladius: линьлинь (linʹlinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵ lin³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    磷磷
    粼粼
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: leon⁴ leon⁴
  - Yale: lèuhn lèuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loen⁴ loen⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lên⁴ lên⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵn²¹ lɵn²¹/

Middle Chinese: lin lin

Rime
Character	轔
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力珍切
Baxter	lin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/lin/
Shao Rongfen	/ljen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lin/
Li Rong	/liĕn/
Wang Li	/lĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lan⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rin rin/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	轔
Reading #	1/2
No.	8196
Phonetic component	粦
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	㷠
Old Chinese	/*rin/

Noun

轔轔

(Classical) sound of rumbling of wheels
- 車轔轔，馬蕭蕭，行人弓箭各在腰。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  车辚辚，马萧萧，行人弓箭各在腰。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 杜甫 (Du Fu) (712-770), 《兵車行》 (The Army Wagons: A Ballad); translated by Stephen Owen
  Chē línlín, mǎ xiāoxiāo, xíngrén gōngjiàn gè zài yāo. [Pinyin]
  Wagons rattling,
  horses neighing,
  men walking, each with bow and arrows at the waist.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
轔	轔
りん Hyōgai	りん Hyōgai
on'yomi

Adjective

轔(りん)轔(りん) • (rinrin) ^†-tari (adnominal 轔(りん)轔(りん)とした (rinrin to shita) or 轔(りん)轔(りん)たる (rinrin taru), adverbial 轔(りん)轔(りん)と (rinrin to) or 轔(りん)轔(りん)として (rinrin to shite))

(literary) sound of rumbling of wheels^[1]

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "轔轔たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	轔轔たら	りんりんたら	rinrin tara
Continuative (連用形)	轔轔と^[1] 轔轔たり^[2]	りんりんとりんりんたり	rinrin to rinrin tari
Terminal (終止形)	轔轔たり	りんりんたり	rinrin tari
Attributive (連体形)	轔轔たる	りんりんたる	rinrin taru
Realis (已然形)	轔轔たれ	りんりんたれ	rinrin tare
Imperative (命令形)	轔轔たれ	りんりんたれ	rinrin tare
Key constructions
Negative	轔轔たらず	りんりんたらず	rinrin tarazu
Contrasting conjunction	轔轔たれど	りんりんたれど	rinrin taredo
Causal conjunction	轔轔たれば	りんりんたれば	rinrin tareba
Conditional conjunction	轔轔たらば	りんりんたらば	rinrin taraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	轔轔たりき	りんりんたりき	rinrin tariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	轔轔たりけり	りんりんたりけり	rinrin tarikeri
Adverbial	轔轔と	りんりんと	rinrin to

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

References

^ “轔轔”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[1] “轔轔”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[1]