軍配
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 軍 | 配 |
| ぐん Grade: 4 |
はい > ばい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 軍敗 (less common) |
Etymology
Appears to be a Japanese coinage from Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 軍 (gun, “army, military, troops”) + 配 (hai, “arrangement, positioning”). The hai changes to bai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) ぐんばい [gùńbáí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) ぐんばい [gùńbáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɡɯ̟̃mba̠i]
Noun
軍配 • (gunbai)
- the act of signaling directions or commands to an armed force
- a person issuing such directions
- the act of advancing or retreating in response to the situation
- the act of changing one's prices in response to the situation: bargaining, haggling
- short for 軍配団扇 (gunbai uchiwa): a lacquered rigid wooden fan used for signaling
- (sumo) any of various signals indicated by a gyoji (sumo referee) using a gunbai uchiwa, including decision of the winner of a bout
- 軍配通り
- gunbai dōri
- as indicated, confirmation of the victory indicated by a referee
- 軍配通り
Derived terms
- 軍配糸蜻蛉 (gunbai itotonbo): a type of damselfly, Platycnemis foliacea sasakii
- 軍配団扇 (gunbai uchiwa): a lacquered rigid wooden fan used for signaling
- 軍配者 (gunbaisha): a person issuing commands to a military force: a commander
- 軍配凧 (gunbaidako): a kite in the shape of a gunbai uchiwa
- 軍配蜻蛉 (gunbai tonbo): a type of damselfly, Platycnemis foliacea sasakii
- 軍配薺 (gunbai nazuna): field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense)
- 軍配昼顔 (gunbai hirugao): beach morning glory or goat's foot, a common tropical creeping vine: Ipomoea pes-caprae
- 軍配酸漿 (gunbai hōzuki): the egg sac of marine whelks of family Melongenidae
- 軍配虫 (gunbai mushi): common name for a lace bug, flying insects of family Tingidae
Idioms
- 軍配を上げる (gunbai o ageru): “to raise the gunbai (uchiwa)” → to decide in favor of someone, such as in a competition (from the way the gyōji or sumo referee raises the gunbai uchiwa to indicate a win)
- 軍配を返す (gunbai o kaesu): “to turn over the gunbai (uchiwa)” → to signal the start of a sumo match, once the initial start-up positioning time has run out
Synonyms
Verb
軍配する • (gunbai suru) suru (stem 軍配し (gunbai shi), past 軍配した (gunbai shita))
- to signal directions or commands to an armed force
- to advance or retreat in response to the situation
- to change one's prices in response to the situation: to bargain, to haggle
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 軍配し | ぐんばいし | gunbai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 軍配し | ぐんばいし | gunbai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 軍配する | ぐんばいする | gunbai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 軍配する | ぐんばいする | gunbai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 軍配すれ | ぐんばいすれ | gunbai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 軍配せよ¹ 軍配しろ² |
ぐんばいせよ¹ ぐんばいしろ² |
gunbai seyo¹ gunbai shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 軍配される | ぐんばいされる | gunbai sareru |
| Causative | 軍配させる 軍配さす |
ぐんばいさせる ぐんばいさす |
gunbai saseru gunbai sasu |
| Potential | 軍配できる | ぐんばいできる | gunbai dekiru |
| Volitional | 軍配しよう | ぐんばいしよう | gunbai shiyō |
| Negative | 軍配しない | ぐんばいしない | gunbai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 軍配せず | ぐんばいせず | gunbai sezu |
| Formal | 軍配します | ぐんばいします | gunbai shimasu |
| Perfective | 軍配した | ぐんばいした | gunbai shita |
| Conjunctive | 軍配して | ぐんばいして | gunbai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 軍配すれば | ぐんばいすれば | gunbai sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
Synonyms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “軍配”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN