蹲う

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
蹲
つくば
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
踞う

Said to have the meaning of 突く (tsuku, “to poke; to prick”) +‎ 這う (hau, “to crawl”),[1] but the usage of the 終(しゅう)止(し)形(けい) (shūshikei, “terminal form”) or 連(れん)体(たい)形(けい) (rentaikei, “adnominal form”) of the verb 突(つ)く (tsuku) instead of the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “conjunctive form”) 突(つ)き (tsuki) makes this compound unusual.

Verb

蹲(つくば)う • (tsukubau) ←つくばふ (tukubafu)?intransitive godan (stem 蹲(つくば)い (tsukubai), past 蹲(つくば)った (tsukubatta))

  1. to be on all fours, prostrate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "蹲う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 蹲わ つくばわ tsukubawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 蹲い つくばい tsukubai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 蹲う つくばう tsukubau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 蹲う つくばう tsukubau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 蹲え つくばえ tsukubae
Meireikei ("imperative") 蹲え つくばえ tsukubae
Key constructions
Passive 蹲われる つくばわれる tsukubawareru
Causative 蹲わせる
蹲わす 		つくばわせる
つくばわす 		tsukubawaseru
tsukubawasu
Potential 蹲える つくばえる tsukubaeru
Volitional 蹲おう つくばおう tsukubaō
Negative 蹲わない つくばわない tsukubawanai
Negative continuative 蹲わず つくばわず tsukubawazu
Formal 蹲います つくばいます tsukubaimasu
Perfective 蹲った つくばった tsukubatta
Conjunctive 蹲って つくばって tsukubatte
Hypothetical conditional 蹲えば つくばえば tsukubaeba
Classical conjugation of "蹲ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 蹲は つくばは tukubafa
Continuative (連用形) 蹲ひ つくばひ tukubafi
Terminal (終止形) 蹲ふ つくばふ tukubafu
Attributive (連体形) 蹲ふ つくばふ tukubafu
Realis (已然形) 蹲へ つくばへ tukubafe
Imperative (命令形) 蹲へ つくばへ tukubafe
Key constructions
Negative 蹲はず つくばはず tukubafazu
Contrasting conjunction 蹲へど つくばへど tukubafedo
Causal conjunction 蹲へば つくばへば tukubafeba
Conditional conjunction 蹲はば つくばはば tukubafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 蹲ひき つくばひき tukubafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 蹲ひけり つくばひけり tukubafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 蹲ひつ つくばひつ tukubafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 蹲ひぬ つくばひぬ tukubafinu
Perfect-continuative tense 蹲へり
蹲ひたり		 つくばへり
つくばひたり		 tukubaferi
tukubafitari
Volitional 蹲はむ つくばはむ tukubafamu

References

  1. ^ “蹲う”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
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