親切

See also: 亲切

Chinese

		dear; intimate; parent dear; intimate; parent; relation; closely related; parents-in-law of one's offspring	close to; to cut; to slice
trad. (親切)		親	切
simp. (亲切)		亲	切

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīnqiè

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣㄑㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): can¹ cit³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhîn-chhiet

(Hailu, HRS): cin^ˋ cied
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhin-chhiat

(Teochew, Peng'im): cing¹ ciag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīnqiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣㄑㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cinciè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹-chʻieh⁴
  - Yale: chīn-chyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinchieh
  - Palladius: циньце (cinʹce)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: can¹ cit³
  - Yale: chān chit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsan¹ tsit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: cen¹ qid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-chhiet
  - Hakka Romanization System: qin^ˊ qied^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ qiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴ t͡sʰi̯et̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cin^ˋ cied
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁵³ t͡sʰiet⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-chhiat
  - Tâi-lô: tshin-tshiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chinchiad
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiɛt̚⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cing¹ ciag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing tshiak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiak̚²/

Note: cing1 ciag4 - Shantou.

Adjective

親切

close (to someone); dear (to someone's heart); near and dear
kind; cordial; amiable

Synonyms

(close):

edit

同衾 (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
密切 (mìqiè)
接近 (jiējìn)
火熱 / 火热 (huǒrè)
熱和 / 热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
熱火 / 热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
知心 (zhīxīn)
緊密 / 紧密 (jǐnmì)
親善 / 亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
親密 / 亲密 (qīnmì)
親熱 / 亲热 (qīnrè)
親近 / 亲近 (qīnjìn)
貼己 / 贴己 (tiējǐ)
貼身 / 贴身 (tiēshēn)
近 (jìn) (literary, or in compounds)
近乎 (jìnhu) (colloquial)
過心 / 过心 (guòxīn) (regional)
體己 / 体己

(cordial):

edit

允 (Classical Chinese)
實在 / 实在
實誠 / 实诚 (shíchéng) (colloquial)
悃誠 / 悃诚 (kǔnchéng) (literary)
慥慥 (zàozào) (literary)
懇切 / 恳切 (kěnqiè)
殷切 (yīnqiè)
熱誠 / 热诚 (rèchéng)
真心 (zhēnxīn)
真摯 / 真挚 (zhēnzhì)
真誠 / 真诚 (zhēnchéng)
老實 / 老实 (lǎoshí)
虔心 (qiánxīn)
誠信 / 诚信 (chéngxìn)
誠實 / 诚实 (chéngshí)
誠心 / 诚心 (chéngxīn)
誠懇 / 诚恳 (chéngkěn)
誠摯 / 诚挚 (chéngzhì)
諄諄 / 谆谆 (zhūnzhūn) (of teaching)
赤忱 (chìchén) (literary)
赤誠 / 赤诚 (chìchéng)

Derived terms

倍感親切 / 倍感亲切
親切感 / 亲切感

Related terms

深厚 (shēnhòu)
深切 (shēnqiè)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (親切):

→ Japanese: 親(しん)切(せつ) (shinsetsu)
→ Korean: 친절(親切) (chinjeol)
→ Vietnamese: thân thiết (親切)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
親	切
しん Grade: 2	せつ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
深切 (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 親切 / 亲切 (tshin tshet, literally “blood relative + close”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんせつ [shíꜜǹsètsù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
(Tokyo) しんせつ [shìńsétsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩɰ̃se̞t͡sɨ]

Adjective

親(しん)切(せつ) • (shinsetsu) -na (adnominal 親(しん)切(せつ)な (shinsetsu na), adverbial 親(しん)切(せつ)に (shinsetsu ni))

kind, helpful, friendly, obliging

Inflection

Inflection of 親切
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	親切だろ	しんせつだろ	shinsetsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	親切で	しんせつで	shinsetsu de
Terminal (終止形)	親切だ	しんせつだ	shinsetsu da
Attributive (連体形)	親切な	しんせつな	shinsetsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	親切なら	しんせつなら	shinsetsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	親切であれ	しんせつであれ	shinsetsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	親切ではない親切じゃない	しんせつではないしんせつじゃない	shinsetsu de wa nai shinsetsu ja nai
Informal past	親切だった	しんせつだった	shinsetsu datta
Informal negative past	親切ではなかった親切じゃなかった	しんせつではなかったしんせつじゃなかった	shinsetsu de wa nakatta shinsetsu ja nakatta
Formal	親切です	しんせつです	shinsetsu desu
Formal negative	親切ではありません親切じゃありません	しんせつではありませんしんせつじゃありません	shinsetsu de wa arimasen shinsetsu ja arimasen
Formal past	親切でした	しんせつでした	shinsetsu deshita
Formal negative past	親切ではありませんでした親切じゃありませんでした	しんせつではありませんでしたしんせつじゃありませんでした	shinsetsu de wa arimasen deshita shinsetsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	親切で	しんせつで	shinsetsu de
Conditional	親切なら（ば）	しんせつなら（ば）	shinsetsu nara (ba)
Provisional	親切だったら	しんせつだったら	shinsetsu dattara
Volitional	親切だろう	しんせつだろう	shinsetsu darō
Adverbial	親切に	しんせつに	shinsetsu ni
Degree	親切さ	しんせつさ	shinsetsusa

Noun

親(しん)切(せつ) • (shinsetsu)

kindness, helpfulness, friendliness

Antonyms

羨望(せんぼう) (senbō): envy

Derived terms

親切気(しんせつぎ) (shinsetsugi): kindheartedness
親切心(しんせつしん) (shinsetsushin): kindness
不親切(ふしんせつ) (fushinsetsu): unkindness, unfriendliness
老婆親切(ろうばしんせつ) (rōba shinsetsu): excessive solicitude

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“親切”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
親	切

Noun

親切 • (chinjeol) (hangeul 친절)

hanja form^? of 친절 (“kindness, gentleness”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
親	切

Adjective

親切

chữ Hán form of thân thiết (“close, familiar”)

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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