葛藤

Chinese

coarse grass linen rattan; cane
trad. (葛藤)
simp. #(葛藤)

Etymology

figurative sense
From the tendency of the vines of kudzu and rattan to become entangled.

Pronunciation


Note: Often mispronounced as gěténg.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (28) (7)
Final () (63) (129)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter kat dong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kat̚/ /dəŋ/
Li
Rong
/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Wang
Li
/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kɑt̚/ /dʱəŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ge téng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
got3 tang4

Noun

葛藤

  1. kudzu plant
  2. (figurative, literary) complicated relationships; complications

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (葛藤):
  • Japanese: 葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)
  • Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)
  • Vietnamese: cát đằng (葛藤)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
かつ > かっ
Grade: S
とう
Grade: S
on'yomi

From the tendency of the vines of (かずら) (kazura, creeper) or (ふじ) (fuji, wisteria) to become entangled.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) っとー [kàttóó] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [ka̠t̚to̞ː]

Noun

(かっ)(とう) • (kattō

  1. conflict, complications
    • 2012 March 30, mothy [mothy], “針音ノ時計塔 [Handbeat Clocktower]”‎niconico VocaDB ft. KAITO [KAITO] and 歌愛ユキ:
      ()(かん)(かっ)(とう)(こころ)(きざ)みつける
      Jikan to kattō o kokoro ni kizamitsukeru
      Time and conflict, they strongly etch onto my heart

Verb

(かっ)(とう)する • (kattō surutransitive suru (stem (かっ)(とう) (kattō shi), past (かっ)(とう)した (kattō shita))

  1. to battle with
Conjugation
Conjugation of "葛藤する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 葛藤し かっとうし kattō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 葛藤し かっとうし kattō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 葛藤する かっとうする kattō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 葛藤する かっとうする kattō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 葛藤すれ かっとうすれ kattō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 葛藤せよ¹
葛藤しろ²
かっとうせよ¹
かっとうしろ²
kattō seyo¹
kattō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 葛藤される かっとうされる kattō sareru
Causative 葛藤させる
葛藤さす
かっとうさせる
かっとうさす
kattō saseru
kattō sasu
Potential 葛藤できる かっとうできる kattō dekiru
Volitional 葛藤しよう かっとうしよう kattō shiyō
Negative 葛藤しない かっとうしない kattō shinai
Negative continuative 葛藤せず かっとうせず kattō sezu
Formal 葛藤します かっとうします kattō shimasu
Perfective 葛藤した かっとうした kattō shita
Conjunctive 葛藤して かっとうして kattō shite
Hypothetical conditional 葛藤すれば かっとうすれば kattō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
つづら
Grade: S
ふじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) づらふじ [tsùzúráꜜfùjì] (Nakadaka – [3])
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨzɨɾa̠ɸɯ̟ʑi]

Noun

(つづら)(ふじ) or 葛藤(ツヅラフジ) • (tsuzurafuji

  1. synonym of 大葛藤 (Chinese moonseed, Sinomenium acutum)
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Derived terms
  • 青葛藤(あおつづらふじ) (aotsuzurafuji)
  • 大葛藤(おおつづらふじ) (ōtsuzurafuji)

References

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

葛藤 • (galdeung) (hangeul 갈등)

  1. hanja form? of 갈등 (discord, conflict)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

葛藤

  1. chữ Hán form of cát đằng (thunbergia)