落第

Chinese

		to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind	(ordinal prefix); ‑th; rank
trad. (落第)		落	第
simp. ^#(落第)		落	第

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): luòdì

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lok⁶ dai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lo̍k-thi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k-tē

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luòdì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luòdì
  - Wade–Giles: lo⁴-ti⁴
  - Yale: lwò-dì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohdih
  - Palladius: лоди (lodi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    落地
    落第
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lok⁶ dai⁶
  - Yale: lohk daih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁹ dai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: log⁶ dei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚² tɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lo̍k-thi
  - Hakka Romanization System: log ti
  - Hagfa Pinyim: log⁶ ti⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-tē
  - Tâi-lô: lo̍k-tē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: logde
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/

Verb

落第

(archaic) to fail in an imperial examination
(by extension) to fail an exam or test
(Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) to repeat a grade in school

Synonyms

(to fail in an imperial examination): 下第 (xiàdì)
(to repeat a grade):

Dialectal synonyms of 留級 (“to repeat a grade”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		留級, 留班
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蹲班
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	留級
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	留級
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	蹲班, 坐班
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	留級
	Wanrong	留級
	Xuzhou	蹲級
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	留級, 踏級
Cantonese	Guangzhou	留班, 留級
Cantonese	Hong Kong	留班, 㨆班
Gan	Pingxiang	留級
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	落第
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	落第
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	落第
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	落第
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	落第
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	落第
Northern Min	Jian'ou	坐班
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	降班
Southern Min	Xiamen	甪班
Southern Min	Tainan	落第
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	留級, 笪班
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	留級
	Suzhou	留級
	Hangzhou	留級
	Ningbo	留級

Japanese

Kanji in this term
落	第
らく Grade: 3	だい Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) らくだい [ràkúdáí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟da̠i]

Noun

落(らく)第(だい) • (rakudai)

failure (in an examination)
failure (to advance to the next grade or graduate from school)

Antonyms

及第(きゅうだい) (kyūdai)

See also

不合格(ふごうかく) (fugōkaku)

Verb

落(らく)第(だい)する • (rakudai suru) suru (stem 落(らく)第(だい)し (rakudai shi), past 落(らく)第(だい)した (rakudai shita))

to fail an examination or test
to fail to advance to the next grade or graduate from school

Conjugation

Conjugation of "落第する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	落第し	らくだいし	rakudai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	落第し	らくだいし	rakudai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	落第する	らくだいする	rakudai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	落第する	らくだいする	rakudai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	落第すれ	らくだいすれ	rakudai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	落第せよ¹ 落第しろ²	らくだいせよ¹ らくだいしろ²	rakudai seyo¹ rakudai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	落第される	らくだいされる	rakudai sareru
Causative	落第させる落第さす	らくだいさせるらくだいさす	rakudai saseru rakudai sasu
Potential	落第できる	らくだいできる	rakudai dekiru
Volitional	落第しよう	らくだいしよう	rakudai shiyō
Negative	落第しない	らくだいしない	rakudai shinai
Negative continuative	落第せず	らくだいせず	rakudai sezu
Formal	落第します	らくだいします	rakudai shimasu
Perfective	落第した	らくだいした	rakudai shita
Conjunctive	落第して	らくだいして	rakudai shite
Hypothetical conditional	落第すれば	らくだいすれば	rakudai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Antonyms

及第(きゅうだい)する (kyūdai suru)

Derived terms

落第点(らくだいてん) (rakudaiten)
落第生(らくだいせい) (rakudaisei)

References

“落第”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026