及第

Chinese

		to reach; and	(ordinal prefix); ‑th; rank
trad. (及第)		及	第
simp. ^#(及第)		及	第

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jídì

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kap⁶ dai⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki̍p-tē

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jídì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jídì
  - Wade–Giles: chi²-ti⁴
  - Yale: jí-dì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyidih
  - Palladius: цзиди (czidi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵ ti⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    及第
    極地 / 极地
    吉地
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kap⁶ dai⁶
  - Yale: kahp daih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kap⁹ dai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: keb⁶ dei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐp̚² tɐi̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki̍p-tē
  - Tâi-lô: ki̍p-tē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kibde
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kip̚⁴⁻³² te²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kip̚⁴⁻³² te³³/

Middle Chinese: gip dejH

Rime
Character	及	第
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	緝 (142)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	其立切	特計切
Baxter	gip	dejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪp̚/	/dei^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚip̚/	/dei^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiep̚/	/dɛi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjip̚/	/dɛj^H/
Li Rong	/ɡjəp̚/	/dei^H/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕp̚/	/diei^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯əp̚/	/dʱiei^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí	dì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gap⁶	dai⁶

Verb

及第

(intransitive, historical) to pass an imperial examination

Synonyms

登科 (dēngkē)
登第 (dēngdì)
(Hokkien) 進中／进中

Derived terms

及第粥 (jídìzhōu)
進士及第 / 进士及第 (jìnshì jídì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
及	第
きゅう Grade: S	だい Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きゅうだい [kyùúdáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲɨːda̠i]

Noun

及(きゅう)第(だい) • (kyūdai) ^{←きふだい (kifudai)^?}

passing a grade; making the year (being able to advance to the next academic year because of sufficient achievement).

Antonyms

落第(らくだい) (rakudai)

Verb

及(きゅう)第(だい)する • (kyūdai suru) ^{←きふだい (kifudai)^?}suru (stem 及(きゅう)第(だい)し (kyūdai shi), past 及(きゅう)第(だい)した (kyūdai shita))

to pass a grade

Conjugation

Conjugation of "及第する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	及第し	きゅうだいし	kyūdai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	及第し	きゅうだいし	kyūdai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	及第する	きゅうだいする	kyūdai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	及第する	きゅうだいする	kyūdai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	及第すれ	きゅうだいすれ	kyūdai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	及第せよ¹ 及第しろ²	きゅうだいせよ¹ きゅうだいしろ²	kyūdai seyo¹ kyūdai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	及第される	きゅうだいされる	kyūdai sareru
Causative	及第させる及第さす	きゅうだいさせるきゅうだいさす	kyūdai saseru kyūdai sasu
Potential	及第できる	きゅうだいできる	kyūdai dekiru
Volitional	及第しよう	きゅうだいしよう	kyūdai shiyō
Negative	及第しない	きゅうだいしない	kyūdai shinai
Negative continuative	及第せず	きゅうだいせず	kyūdai sezu
Formal	及第します	きゅうだいします	kyūdai shimasu
Perfective	及第した	きゅうだいした	kyūdai shita
Conjunctive	及第して	きゅうだいして	kyūdai shite
Hypothetical conditional	及第すれば	きゅうだいすれば	kyūdai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Antonyms

落第(らくだい)する (rakudai suru)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“及第”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026