落石

Chinese

		to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind	rock; stone; 10 pecks
trad. (落石)		落	石
simp. ^#(落石)		落	石

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): luòshí

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lok⁶ sek⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luòshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luòshíh
  - Wade–Giles: lo⁴-shih²
  - Yale: lwò-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohshyr
  - Palladius: лоши (loši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lok⁶ sek⁶
  - Yale: lohk sehk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁹ sek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: log⁶ ség⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚² sɛːk̚²/

Noun

落石

fallen stones; falling rocks
注意落石。 ― Zhùyì luòshí. ― Danger — falling rocks.

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
落	石
らく Grade: 3	せき Grade: 1
kan'on

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟se̞kʲi]

Noun

落(らく)石(せき) • (rakuseki)

fallen stones; falling rocks
- 2019 June 16, PuutanSS, “Rakuseki”, in YamaReco‎^[1]:
  
  自(じ)分(ぶん)が落(らく)石(せき)を起(お)こした場(ば)合(あい)や、落(らく)石(せき)を目(もく)撃(げき)した場(ば)合(あい)は、大(おお)声(ごえ)で「落(らく)石(せき)！」や「ラーク！」と叫(さけ)んで、周(しゅう)囲(い)の人(ひと)に知(し)らせるのが山(さん)行(こう)のマナー
  Jibun ga rakuseki o okoshita bāi ya, rakuseki o mokugeki shita bāi wa, ōgoe de “rakuseki!” ya “rāku!” to sakende, shūi no hito ni shiraseru no ga sankō no manā
  If you cause falling rocks, or if you see falling rocks, it is good climbing manners to shout in a loud voice “rakuseki!” or “rāku!” to warn people in the vicinity

Verb

落(らく)石(せき)する • (rakuseki suru) suru (stem 落(らく)石(せき)し (rakuseki shi), past 落(らく)石(せき)した (rakuseki shita))

(of rocks or stones) to fall from a hill or cliff
- 2019, Zenkoku kyōdo Fuji-san: Fūfu futari tabi [Everybody's hometown, Mount Fuji: Married couple travels together]‎^[2]:
  
  下(くだ)りは必(かなら)ずかなり大(おお)きな石(いし)が落(らく)石(せき)するので 3(さん)人(にん)で1人(ひとり)ずつ下(お)りていて
  Kudari wa kanarazu kanari ōkina ishi ga rakuseki suru no de sannin de hitori zutsu orite-ite
  Since very large stones always fall during the decent, the three of us went down one at a time

Conjugation

Conjugation of "落石する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	落石し	らくせきし	rakuseki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	落石し	らくせきし	rakuseki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	落石する	らくせきする	rakuseki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	落石する	らくせきする	rakuseki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	落石すれ	らくせきすれ	rakuseki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	落石せよ¹ 落石しろ²	らくせきせよ¹ らくせきしろ²	rakuseki seyo¹ rakuseki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	落石される	らくせきされる	rakuseki sareru
Causative	落石させる落石さす	らくせきさせるらくせきさす	rakuseki saseru rakuseki sasu
Potential	落石できる	らくせきできる	rakuseki dekiru
Volitional	落石しよう	らくせきしよう	rakuseki shiyō
Negative	落石しない	らくせきしない	rakuseki shinai
Negative continuative	落石せず	らくせきせず	rakuseki sezu
Formal	落石します	らくせきします	rakuseki shimasu
Perfective	落石した	らくせきした	rakuseki shita
Conjunctive	落石して	らくせきして	rakuseki shite
Hypothetical conditional	落石すれば	らくせきすれば	rakuseki sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
落	石
おち Grade: 3	いし Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [o̞t͡ɕiːɕi]

Proper noun

落(おち)石(いし) • (Ochīshi)

a neighborhood of Monbetsu, Hokkaido Prefecture
an area near the base of Nemuro Peninsula in Nemuro city, Hokkaido Prefecture

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
落	石
おっちし
Grade: 3	Grade: 1
irregular

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [o̞t̚t͡ɕiɕi]

Proper noun

落石(おっちし) • (Otchishi)

former name of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, a town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia
an area near the base of Nemuro Peninsula in Nemuro city, Hokkaido Prefecture

Synonyms

(Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky): アレクサンドロフスク・サハリンスキー (Arekusandorofusuku Saharinsukī), 亜港(あこう) (Akō)

References

“落石”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026