芥藍

See also: 芥蓝

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (芥藍)		芥	藍
simp. (芥蓝)		芥	蓝

Etymology

Compare Persian (kalam, “cabbage”). Attested in Lǐ Wèn 李問 (975–1064)'s Ode to Yǎngshān 仰山賦 (Yǎngshān is a mountain in Jiangxi) and Sū Shì 蘇軾 (1036–1101)'s poem Walking in the Vegetable Garden after the Rain 雨後行菜圃 (written in Guangdong).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jièlán, gàilán

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄌㄢˊ, ㄍㄞˋ ㄌㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai³ laam⁴ / gaai³ laan^4-2
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kè-nâ / khah-nâ / kah-nâ

(Teochew, Peng'im): kah⁴ na⁵ / kag⁴ na⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jièlán
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄌㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jièlán
  - Wade–Giles: chieh⁴-lan²
  - Yale: jyè-lán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehlan
  - Palladius: цзелань (czelanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ län³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    芥藍 / 芥蓝
    芥蘭 / 芥兰
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gàilán
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˋ ㄌㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gàilán
  - Wade–Giles: kai⁴-lan²
  - Yale: gài-lán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaylan
  - Palladius: гайлань (gajlanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯⁵¹ län³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaai³ laam⁴ / gaai³ laan^4-2
  - Yale: gaai làahm / gaai láan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaai³ laam⁴ / gaai³ laan^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: gai³ lam⁴ / gai³ lan^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯³³ laːm²¹/, /kaːi̯³³ laːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Note: gaai3 laan4-2 - usually written as 芥蘭 / 芥兰.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè-nâ
  - Tâi-lô: kè-nâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keanaa
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ke²¹⁻⁴¹ nã²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹⁻⁵³ nã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khah-nâ
  - Tâi-lô: khah-nâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qahnaa
  - Sinological IPA (Singapore): /kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² na²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kah-nâ
  - Tâi-lô: kah-nâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kahnaa
  - Sinological IPA (Singapore): /ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² na²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kah⁴ na⁵ / kag⁴ na⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khah nâ / khak nâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaʔ²⁻⁴ na⁵⁵/, /kʰak̚²⁻⁴ na⁵⁵/

Note: kag4 na5 - Jieyang.

Noun

芥藍

(Min, Gan, Hakka, Mandarin) kailan; Chinese kale
(dialectal Mandarin) kohlrabi

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 芥藍 (“kailan; Chinese broccoli; Chinese kale”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		芥藍, 芥藍菜
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	芥藍菜, 芥藍
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	芥藍
Southwestern Mandarin	Guiyang	芥藍菜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	芥蘭
	Hong Kong	芥蘭
	Taishan	芥蘭
	Dongguan	芥蘭
	Singapore (Guangfu)	芥蘭
Hakka	Meixian	芥蘭菜
	Yudu	芥藍菜
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	芥蓮菜
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	芥蓮菜
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	芥藍菜
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	芥藍菜
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	芥藍仔菜
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	芥藍仔菜
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	芥蓮菜
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	芥藍菜, 拗心菜
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	芥藍菜
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	芥藍菜
	Hsinchu County (Guanxi; Raoping)	芥藍菜
	Hsinchu County (Changgangling, Hukou; Raoping)	芥藍菜
	Zhubei (Liujia; Raoping)	芥藍菜
	Taoyuan (Nanshi, Pingzhen; Raoping)	芥藍菜
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	芥藍菜
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	芥藍菜
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	芥藍菜
Southern Min	Xiamen	芥藍菜
	Quanzhou	芥藍菜
	Zhangzhou	芥藍菜, 隔暝菜
	Zhao'an	隔暝菜
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	芥藍仔菜
	Kaohsiung	芥藍仔
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	芥藍仔
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	芥藍菜
	Yilan (Luodong)	芥藍仔
	Yilan (Toucheng)	芥藍仔, 隔暝仔菜
	Changhua (Yongjing)	芥藍仔菜
	Tainan	芥藍仔菜, 芥藍仔
	Tainan (Anping)	芥藍仔菜
	Penghu (Xiyu)	芥藍仔菜
	Penang (Hokkien)	芥蘭菜
	Singapore (Hokkien)	芥藍菜, 芥藍
	Chaozhou	芥藍
	Jieyang	芥藍, 芥藍菜
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	芥蘭菜

Derived terms

芥藍仔 / 芥蓝仔
芥藍箸 / 芥蓝箸
芥藍花 / 芥蓝花
芥藍菜 / 芥蓝菜 (gàiláncài, jièláncài)

Descendants

→ Khmer: ខាត់ណា (khatnaa) (via Teochew)
→ Thai: คะน้า (ká-náa) (via Teochew)
→ Thai: กะหล่ำ (gà-làm) (via Hainanese)