自省

Chinese

		from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since	comprehend; introspect; visit comprehend; introspect; visit; frugal; save; to omit; to leave out; to save (money); province
simp. and trad. (自省)		自	省

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìxǐng

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄒㄧㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ sing²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chū-séng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìxǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄒㄧㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhsǐng
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-hsing³
  - Yale: dz̀-syǐng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhshiing
  - Palladius: цзысин (czysin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ sing²
  - Yale: jih síng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ sing²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ xing²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² sɪŋ³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-séng
  - Tâi-lô: tsū-síng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuxseang
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: dzijH sjengX

Rime
Character	自	省
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾二切	息井切
Baxter	dzijH	sjengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ^H/	/siᴇŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi^H/	/siɛŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ^H/	/siæŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi^H/	/siajŋ^X/
Li Rong	/d͡zi^H/	/siɛŋ^X/
Wang Li	/d͡zi^H/	/sĭɛŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi^H/	/si̯ɛŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zì	xǐng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi⁶	sing²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[b]i[t]-s [s]eŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljids sleŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	自	省
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zì	xǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzij^H ›	‹ sjeng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[b]i[t]-s/	/*[s]eŋʔ/
English	self (adv.)	inspect
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	自	省
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	17879	11386
Phonetic component	自	省
Rime group	至	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	自	省
Old Chinese	/*ɦljids/	/*sleŋʔ/

Verb

自省

(literary) to self-reflect
我們要保持深度自省。 [MSC, trad.]
我们要保持深度自省。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen yào bǎochí shēndù zìxǐng. [Pinyin]
We should keep on examining ourselves critically.
- 見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內自省也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
  Jiàn xián sī qí yān, jiàn bù xián ér nèi zìxǐng yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

反思 (fǎnsī)
反省 (fǎnxǐng)
反躬 (fǎngōng) (literary)
問心 / 问心 (wènxīn) (literary)
檢查 / 检查 (jiǎnchá)
檢討 / 检讨 (jiǎntǎo)
省察 (xǐngchá)
自問 / 自问 (zìwèn) (literary)
自我反省 (zìwǒ fǎnxǐng)
自我批評 / 自我批评 (zìwǒ pīpíng)
警察 (jǐngchá) (literary)

Derived terms

反躬自省 (fǎngōngzìxǐng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	省
じ Grade: 2	せい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じせー [jìséé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑise̞ː]

Noun

自(じ)省(せい) • (jisei)

self-reflection
Synonym: 反省 (hansei)

Verb

自(じ)省(せい)する • (jisei suru) suru (stem 自(じ)省(せい)し (jisei shi), past 自(じ)省(せい)した (jisei shita))

to self-reflect

Conjugation

Conjugation of "自省する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	自省し	じせいし	jisei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	自省し	じせいし	jisei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	自省する	じせいする	jisei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	自省する	じせいする	jisei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	自省すれ	じせいすれ	jisei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	自省せよ¹ 自省しろ²	じせいせよ¹ じせいしろ²	jisei seyo¹ jisei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	自省される	じせいされる	jisei sareru
Causative	自省させる自省さす	じせいさせるじせいさす	jisei saseru jisei sasu
Potential	自省できる	じせいできる	jisei dekiru
Volitional	自省しよう	じせいしよう	jisei shiyō
Negative	自省しない	じせいしない	jisei shinai
Negative continuative	自省せず	じせいせず	jisei sezu
Formal	自省します	じせいします	jisei shimasu
Perfective	自省した	じせいした	jisei shita
Conjunctive	自省して	じせいして	jisei shite
Hypothetical conditional	自省すれば	じせいすれば	jisei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“自省”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026