緩

See also: 缓
緩 U+7DE9, 緩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DE9
← 編
[U+7DE8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 緪 →
[U+7DEA]

Translingual

Han character

緩 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女火月一水 (VFBME), four-corner 22947, composition ⿰糹爰)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 931, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1369, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3429, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+7DE9

Chinese

trad. 緩
simp. 缓
alternative forms 𦅻
𦇻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
暖 *noːnʔ
煖 *noːnʔ, *qʰʷan
喛 *qʰʷaːns, *qʰʷan
緩 *ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀 *ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈 *ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰 *ɢʷraːn
湲 *ɢʷan
媛 *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
瑗 *ɢʷans
援 *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
褑 *ɢʷans
諼 *qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
愋 *qʰʷan
楥 *qʰʷans
爰 *ɢʷan
鶢 *ɢʷan
蝯 *ɢʷan
猨 *ɢʷan

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷaːnʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hoǎn/hoān - literary;
  • oǎn/oān - vernacular.
Note:
  • huêng2/huang2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou);
  • mang7 - semantic (訓讀) (original character is 慢).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 緩
Mandarin Beijing /xuan²¹⁴/
Harbin /xuan²¹³/
Tianjin /xuan¹³/
Jinan /xuã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /xuã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /xuan⁵³/
Xi'an /xuã⁵³/
Xining /xuã⁵³/
Yinchuan /xuan⁵³/
Lanzhou /xuɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /xuan⁵¹/
Wuhan /xuan⁴²/
Chengdu /xuan⁵³/
Guiyang /xuan⁴²/
Kunming /xuã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /xuaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /xʊ̃²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /xuæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /xuɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /xuæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /uø³⁵/
Suzhou /uø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ʔuõ⁵³/
Wenzhou /jy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /xuɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /xuːə³¹/
Xiang Changsha /xõ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɦɔn⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /fɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /fan¹¹/
Taoyuan /fon⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wun²¹/
Nanning /wun³⁵/
Hong Kong /wun²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /huan²²/
/uan²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huɑŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xuiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /maŋ³¹/ 訓讀
Haikou (Hainanese) /nuaŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 緩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡管切
Baxter hwanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwanX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuɑnX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuɑnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣuɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wun6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 緩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwanX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷˁa[n]ʔ/
English slack; slow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 緩
Reading # 1/1
No. 16160
Phonetic
component 		爰
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		緩
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷaːnʔ/

Definitions

緩

  1. loose; slack
  2. relaxed; not tense
  3. slow; leisurely; unhurried
  4. to postpone; to delay; to have a pause
  5. to recuperate; to revive
  6. a surname

Synonyms

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “slow”): 急 (jí)
  • (antonym(s) of “to postpone”):

Compounds

References

  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “缓”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

Japanese

Shinjitai 緩
Kyūjitai
[1]
緩󠄁
緩+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
緩󠄃
緩+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

緩

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. loose
  2. slow
  3. loosen, relax
  4. slacken, slow down

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
緩
かん
Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 緩 (MC hwanX).

Pronunciation

Adjective

緩(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?-na (adnominal 緩(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 緩(かん)に (kan ni))

  1. slow; sluggish

Inflection

Inflection of 緩
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 緩だろ かんだろ kan daro
Continuative (連用形) 緩で かんで kan de
Terminal (終止形) 緩だ かんだ kan da
Attributive (連体形) 緩な かんな kan na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 緩なら かんなら kan nara
Imperative (命令形) 緩であれ かんであれ kan de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 緩ではない
緩じゃない 		かんではない
かんじゃない 		kan de wa nai
kan ja nai
Informal past 緩だった かんだった kan datta
Informal negative past 緩ではなかった
緩じゃなかった 		かんではなかった
かんじゃなかった 		kan de wa nakatta
kan ja nakatta
Formal 緩です かんです kan desu
Formal negative 緩ではありません
緩じゃありません 		かんではありません
かんじゃありません 		kan de wa arimasen
kan ja arimasen
Formal past 緩でした かんでした kan deshita
Formal negative past 緩ではありませんでした
緩じゃありませんでした 		かんではありませんでした
かんじゃありませんでした 		kan de wa arimasen deshita
kan ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 緩で かんで kan de
Conditional 緩なら（ば） かんなら（ば） kan nara (ba)
Provisional 緩だったら かんだったら kan dattara
Volitional 緩だろう かんだろう kan darō
Adverbial 緩に かんに kan ni
Degree 緩さ かんさ kansa

References

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1674 (paper), page 889 (digital)
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

緩 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)

  1. slow, leisurely
  2. to postpone
  3. delay

Vietnamese

Han character

緩: Hán Nôm readings: hoãn, hoán

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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