競合

Chinese

		to compete; to contend; to struggle	to close; to gather; to join to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together
trad. (競合)		競	合
simp. (竞合)		竞	合

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìnghé

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìnghé
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìnghé
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴-ho²
  - Yale: jìng-hé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinqher
  - Palladius: цзинхэ (czinxɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from Japanese?”)

Noun

競合

(law) concurrence
想像競合／想像竞合 ― xiǎngxiàng jìnghé ― ideal concurrence

責任競合／责任竞合 ― zérèn jìnghé ― liability concurrence

法條競合／法条竞合 ― fǎtiáo jìnghé ― overlap of enactments

Etymology 2

Short for 競爭／竞争 (jìngzhēng) + 合作 (hézuò).

Verb

競合

to coopete

Japanese

Kanji in this term
競	合
せ(り) Grade: 4	あ(い) Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
競	合
きょう Grade: 4	ごう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょーごー [kyòógóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːɡo̞ː]

(Tokyo) せりあい [sèríáí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [se̞ɾʲia̠i]

Noun

競(きょう)合(ごう) or 競(せり)合(あい) • (kyōgō or seriai)

competition, rivalry
alternative spelling of 競り合い (seriai)

Verb

競(きょう)合(ごう)する • (kyōgō suru) intransitive suru (stem 競(きょう)合(ごう)し (kyōgō shi), past 競(きょう)合(ごう)した (kyōgō shita))

to compete
Synonym: 競り合う (seriau)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "競合する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	競合し	きょうごうし	kyōgō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	競合し	きょうごうし	kyōgō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	競合する	きょうごうする	kyōgō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	競合する	きょうごうする	kyōgō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	競合すれ	きょうごうすれ	kyōgō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	競合せよ¹ 競合しろ²	きょうごうせよ¹ きょうごうしろ²	kyōgō seyo¹ kyōgō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	競合される	きょうごうされる	kyōgō sareru
Causative	競合させる競合さす	きょうごうさせるきょうごうさす	kyōgō saseru kyōgō sasu
Potential	競合できる	きょうごうできる	kyōgō dekiru
Volitional	競合しよう	きょうごうしよう	kyōgō shiyō
Negative	競合しない	きょうごうしない	kyōgō shinai
Negative continuative	競合せず	きょうごうせず	kyōgō sezu
Formal	競合します	きょうごうします	kyōgō shimasu
Perfective	競合した	きょうごうした	kyōgō shita
Conjunctive	競合して	きょうごうして	kyōgō shite
Hypothetical conditional	競合すれば	きょうごうすれば	kyōgō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“競合”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
競	合

Noun

競合 • (gyeonghap) (hangeul 경합)

hanja form^? of 경합 (“competition”)