空想

Chinese

emptied; leisure; air
emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain
 
to think; to believe; to suppose
to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss
 
trad. (空想) 空 想
simp. #(空想) 空 想

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 空 想
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 苦紅切 息兩切
Baxter khuwng sjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰuŋ/ /sɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰuŋ/ /siɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰuŋ/ /siɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰəwŋ/ /sɨaŋX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰuŋ/ /siaŋX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰuŋ/ /sĭaŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰuŋ/ /si̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kōng xiǎng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hung1 soeng2

Noun

空想

  1. fantasy; dream

Synonyms

Verb

空想

  1. to fantasize; to daydream

Synonyms

Adjective

空想

  1. (attributive) utopian

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (空想):
  • → Japanese: 空想(くうそう) (kūsō)
  • → Korean: 공상(空想) (gongsang)
  • → Vietnamese: không tưởng (空想)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
空 想
くう
Grade: 1 		そう
Grade: 3
goon

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 空想 (khuwng sjangX, literally “fictional, fabricated + think, thought”).

The sense of fantasy is first cited in Japanese to 1886,[1] and probably reflects a Rangaku and Meiji era style of repurposing older terminology to translate unfamiliar Western concepts.

The Buddhist sense is older, and was borrowed into Japanese along with various Chinese Buddhist texts. This term is included in the (Maka Shikan), better known in English by its Chinese pronunciation, the Mohe Zhiguan, completed some time in the early 600s.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) くうそー [kùúsóó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ːso̞ː]

Noun

空(くう)想(そう) • (kūsō) ←くうさう (kuusau)?

  1. [from 1886] fantasy, daydream; something imagined
  2. [from 600s] (Buddhism) thought that exhibits attachment to sunyata

Derived terms

Verb

空(くう)想(そう)する • (kūsō suru) ←くうさう (kuusau)?suru (stem 空(くう)想(そう)し (kūsō shi), past 空(くう)想(そう)した (kūsō shita))

  1. [from 1886] to fantasize
  2. [from 600s] (Buddhism) to think in a way that exhibits attachment to sunyata

Conjugation

Conjugation of "空想する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 空想し くうそうし kūsō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 空想し くうそうし kūsō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 空想する くうそうする kūsō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 空想する くうそうする kūsō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 空想すれ くうそうすれ kūsō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 空想せよ¹
空想しろ² 		くうそうせよ¹
くうそうしろ² 		kūsō seyo¹
kūsō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 空想される くうそうされる kūsō sareru
Causative 空想させる
空想さす 		くうそうさせる
くうそうさす 		kūsō saseru
kūsō sasu
Potential 空想できる くうそうできる kūsō dekiru
Volitional 空想しよう くうそうしよう kūsō shiyō
Negative 空想しない くうそうしない kūsō shinai
Negative continuative 空想せず くうそうせず kūsō sezu
Formal 空想します くうそうします kūsō shimasu
Perfective 空想した くうそうした kūsō shita
Conjunctive 空想して くうそうして kūsō shite
Hypothetical conditional 空想すれば くうそうすれば kūsō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “空想”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • “空想”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
  • Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
空想

Noun

空想 • (gongsang) (hangeul 공상)

  1. hanja form? of 공상 (“fantasy; daydream”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
空想

Adjective

空想

  1. chữ Hán form of không tưởng (“unrealistic; utopian”)
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