磨

磨 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈金一口 (ICMR) or 戈木一口 (IDMR), four-corner 0026₁, composition ⿸麻石)

• 嚰, 𫾚, 𣟖, 礳, 𥽨, 耱, 𨇢, 𭍁, 饝, 𨟖, 蘑

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 835, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24449
• Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2453, character 13
• Unihan data for U+78E8

Originally written as 䃺 (mó). Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːl, *maːls): semantic 石 (“rock”) + abbreviated phonetic 靡 (OC *mralʔ).

磨

1. to grind; to sharpen
2. to rub; to chafe
3. to wear away; to obliterate
4. to wear out; to wear down; to erode
5. to dawdle; to waste (time)
6. to pester; to plague (someone)

磨

1. grinder; mill
2. to grind; to mill
3. to turn around
4. (Cantonese) to waste time

Possibly from 摩 (OC *maːl, “to approach; to touch; to draw near”); cognate with Cantonese 埋 (maai4, “to approach”) (Yan et al., 2016).

磨

1. (Teochew) to approach
   • Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板秦世美全歌》, volume 3, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 1:

     快々行庅问一声　尔是何人呾吾听 [Teochew, simp.]
     快々行庅問一聲　爾是何人呾吾聽 [Teochew, trad.]

     kuai³ kuai³ gian⁵ bhua⁵ mung⁷ zêg⁸ sian¹, le² si⁶ ho⁵ nang⁵ dan³ ua² tian¹ [Peng'im]

     [He] quickly drew in closer to ask, “tell me who you are.”

   • 1892, Kiù-Tsú Iâ-Sou Ki-Tok Kâi Sin-Ieh Tshuân-Tsṳ Chiēⁿ-Kńg Má-Thài Kàu Sài-Thû, Scotland: British and Foreign Bible Society, page 6:

     Iâ-sou thóiⁿ-kìⁿ chèng-nâng chiâⁿ-khûn, chiũ chiẽⁿ--khṳ̀ che̍k-kâi-suaⁿ, tsõ-lo̍h--liáu I kâi mn̂g-thû chiũ bûa--lâi

     耶穌看見衆人成羣，就上去一個山，坐落了伊個門徒就磨來 [Teochew, trad.]
     耶稣看见众人成羣，就上去一个山，坐落了伊个门徒就磨来 [Teochew, simp.]

     ia⁵ sou¹ toin² gin³ zêng³ nang⁵ zian⁵ kung⁵, ziu⁷ ziên⁷ ke³ zêg⁸ gai⁵ suan¹, zo⁶ loh⁸ liou² i¹ gai⁵ mng⁵ tu⁵ ziu⁷ bhua⁵ lai⁵ [Peng'im]

     Jesus saw the crowd forming, and went up a mountain. When he sat down, his disciples drew close to him

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to polish
2. to grind
3. to brush (teeth)

From Middle Chinese 磨 (MC ma); compare Mandarin 磨 (mó):

• Go-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ば (ba)

From Middle Chinese 磨 (MC maH); compare Mandarin 磨 (mò):

• Go-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ば (ba)

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: みがく (migaku, 磨く, Jōyō)、する (suru, 磨る)、とぐ (togu, 磨ぐ)
• Nanori: おさむ (osamu)、きよ (kiyo)、みがく (migaku)

磨 (eumhun 갈 마 (gal ma))

1. hanja form^? of 마 (“grind, polish, rub, wear out”)
2. hanja form^? of 마 (“millstone”)

磨: Hán Nôm readings: ma, mài

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