生ゆ
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 生 |
| は Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1][2]
Analyzable as ha (probably cognate with 葉 (ha, “leaf”), 歯 (ha, “tooth”), with a common sense of “sprout”) + ゆ (yu, verb-forming suffix deriving from Old Japanese, indicating spontaneous, passive, or potential action; compare 見ゆ (miyu), older form of modern 見える (mieru, “to be able to see; to seem”)).
Also cognate with Old Japanese and Classical 映ゆ (hayu, “to appear, to come into view”), modern 映える (haeru).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ha̠jɯ̟]
Verb
生ゆ • (hayu) intransitive †nidan
Conjugation
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 生え | はえ | fae |
| Continuative (連用形) | 生え | はえ | fae |
| Terminal (終止形) | 生ゆ | はゆ | fayu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 生ゆる | はゆる | fayuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 生ゆれ | はゆれ | fayure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 生えよ | はえよ | faeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 生えず | はえず | faezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 生ゆれど | はゆれど | fayuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 生ゆれば | はゆれば | fayureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 生えば | はえば | faeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 生えき | はえき | faeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 生えけり | はえけり | faekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 生えつ | はえつ | faetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 生えぬ | はえぬ | faenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 生えたり | はえたり | faetari |
| Volitional | 生えむ | はえむ | faemu |
Derived terms
- 生えす (haesu, “to sprout, to grow”, intransitive; rare, possibly obsolete)
- 生える (haeru, “to sprout, to grow”, intransitive; modern form)
- 生やす (hayasu, “to make something grow”, transitive; modern form)
References
Old Japanese
Verb
生ゆ (payu) (kana はゆ)
Derived terms
- 生𛀁す (payesu)
Descendants
- Japanese: 生える (haeru)