狐疑

Chinese

		fox	to doubt; to misbelieve; to suspect
trad. (狐疑)		狐	疑
simp. ^#(狐疑)		狐	疑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): húyí

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴ ji⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fù-ngì

(Hailu, HRS): fu ngi
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hou² gi²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hô͘-gî

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁵ ghi⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: húyí
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: húyí
  - Wade–Giles: hu²-i²
  - Yale: hú-yí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwuyi
  - Palladius: хуи (xui)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ i³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu⁴ ji⁴
  - Yale: wùh yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴ ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴ yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹ jiː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù-ngì
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˇ ngi^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu² ngi²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹ ŋi¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu ngi
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵ ŋi⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hou² gi² [Phonetic: hou⁵ gi²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hó-gí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu¹³⁻¹¹ ki¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hou² gi² [Phonetic: hou⁵ gi²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu²⁴⁻²¹ ki²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘-gî
  - Tâi-lô: hôo-gî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ho'gii
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ²⁴⁻²² ɡi²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴⁻²² ɡi²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ¹³⁻²² ɡi¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³⁻³³ ɡi²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hu⁵ ghi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hû gî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡi⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: hu ngi

Rime
Character	狐	疑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	戸吳切	語其切
Baxter	hu	ngi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/	/ŋɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/	/ŋɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/	/ŋie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/	/ŋɨ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/	/ŋiə/
Wang Li	/ɣu/	/ŋĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuo/	/ŋi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú	yí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴	ji⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤa [ŋ](r)ə/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaː ŋɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	狐	疑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú	yí
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›	‹ ngi ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷˁa/	/*[ŋ](r)ə/ (< uvular)
English	fox	doubt
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	狐	疑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4358	14894
Phonetic component	瓜	疑
Rime group	魚	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡	疑
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaː/	/*ŋɯ/
Notes		甲金文象人行道回顧遲疑狀，金文或加牛聲後訛爲子，非矢聲

Noun

狐疑

doubt; suspicion
- 心猶豫而狐疑兮，欲自適而不可。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  心犹豫而狐疑兮，欲自适而不可。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
  Xīn yóuyù ér húyí xī, yù zìshì ér bùkě. [Pinyin]
  Like whelp in doubt, like timid fox in fear,
  I wished to go, but wandered ever near.

Synonyms

edit

嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
嫌疑 (xiányí)
惑志 (huòzhì) (literary)
疑心 (yíxīn)
疑惑 (yíhuò)
疑義 / 疑义 (yíyì)

Verb

狐疑

to be suspicious of; to doubt

Synonyms

edit

嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
心存疑惑 (xīncún yíhuò)
思疑 (sīyí) (literary)
惑疑 (hueh⁴ i¹) (Jin)
憢疑 / 𢙒疑 (Hokkien)
懷疑 / 怀疑 (huáiyí)
猜疑 (cāiyí)
疑乎 (nyi² fu²) (Sichuanese)
疑心 (yíxīn)
疑惑 (yíhuò)
疑騃 / 疑𫘤 (Hokkien)
臭疑 (Hokkien)
臭青疑 (Hokkien)
青疑 (Hokkien)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (狐疑):

→ Japanese: 狐(こ)疑(ぎ) (kogi)
→ Korean: 호의(狐疑) (houi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
狐	疑
こ Hyōgai	ぎ Grade: 6
kan'on	on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こぎ [kóꜜgì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ɡʲi]

Noun

狐(こ)疑(ぎ) • (kogi) ^{←こぎ (kogi)^?}

doubt

Derived terms

狐(こ)疑(ぎ)逡(しゅん)巡(じゅん) (kogi shunjun)

Verb

狐(こ)疑(ぎ)する • (kogi suru) ^{←こぎ (kogi)^?}intransitive suru (stem 狐(こ)疑(ぎ)し (kogi shi), past 狐(こ)疑(ぎ)した (kogi shita))

to doubt

Conjugation

Conjugation of "狐疑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	狐疑し	こぎし	kogi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	狐疑し	こぎし	kogi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	狐疑する	こぎする	kogi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	狐疑する	こぎする	kogi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	狐疑すれ	こぎすれ	kogi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	狐疑せよ¹ 狐疑しろ²	こぎせよ¹ こぎしろ²	kogi seyo¹ kogi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	狐疑される	こぎされる	kogi sareru
Causative	狐疑させる狐疑さす	こぎさせるこぎさす	kogi saseru kogi sasu
Potential	狐疑できる	こぎできる	kogi dekiru
Volitional	狐疑しよう	こぎしよう	kogi shiyō
Negative	狐疑しない	こぎしない	kogi shinai
Negative continuative	狐疑せず	こぎせず	kogi sezu
Formal	狐疑します	こぎします	kogi shimasu
Perfective	狐疑した	こぎした	kogi shita
Conjunctive	狐疑して	こぎして	kogi shite
Hypothetical conditional	狐疑すれば	こぎすれば	kogi sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
狐	疑

Noun

狐疑 • (houi) (hangeul 호의)

hanja form^? of 호의

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]